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Tooth Regeneration

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Tooth Regeneration
Introduction Teeth are an important component of the oral cavity that affects other functions of the body such as digestion. However, unlike other parts of the body, teeth as a whole do not naturally regenerate once lost (Ravindran and George, 2015). Presently, missing teeth are usually replaced with artificial prostheses that can never fully restore the physiological functions of a natural tooth (Zhao and Chai, 2015). Over the past few decades, researchers have had a keen interest in stem cell-mediated regeneration to functionally restore organs and, more recently, teeth, potentially yielding many applications of tooth regeneration in dental and oral medicine (Aurrekoetxea, 2015).
But before studying how stem cells can be used to restore …show more content…
Epithelium is derived from the oral ectoderm, while the only source of mesenchyme able to sustain tooth development is derived from multipotential stem cells called cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) (Jheon et al., 2013; Miletich, 2004). Some cranial NCCs located in the dental pulp, which have the unique capacity to produce mesenchymal cells that are capable of differentiating into highly specialized cell types, maintain plasticity into their postnatal life; this gives NCCs potential for regeneration (Miletich, 2004). There are four types of neural crest cells: cranial (bone/cartilage), cardiac, vagal, and trunk; these show just how multipotential these cells really are, making them great for regenerative medicine (Zhao and Chai, …show more content…
Front. Physiol. 6:289. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00289
Retrieved from: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2015.00289/abstract
Bethesda, MD (2015) Stem Cell Basics: Introduction. In Stem Cell Information [World Wide Web site]. : National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2015 [cited Thursday, December 17, 2015] Available at S. Gronthos, J. Brahim, W. Li, L.W. Fisher, N. Cherman, A. Boyde, P. Den Besten, P. Gehron Robey, and S. Shi (2002) Stem Cell Properties of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Journal of Dental Research. J DENT RES 2002 81: 531 Retrieved from: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.335.5026&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Jheon, A., Seidel, K., Biehs, B. (2013)From molecules to mastication: the development and evolution of teeth, Wiley Interdiscip Rev Biol. 2013: 2(2): 165-183. doi:10.1002/wdev.63. Retrieved from:
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