Titration Research Paper
Quantitative Chemistry –Titration Determination of the Molarity of an Unknown Solution through Acid-Base Titration Technique
1. Introduction
1.1 Aim
The aim of this investigation was to determine the precise molarity of two (NaOH(aq)) sodium hydroxide solutions produced at the beginning of the experiment through the acid-base titration technique.
1.2 Theoretical Background
Titration is a method commonly used in laboratory investigations to carry out chemical analysis. The most frequent chemical analysis performed through titration is when determining the exact concentration of a solution of unknown molarity. This technique is usually used in redox and acid-base reactions. Redox reaction is when reduction – lost of oxygen – of one of the substances present in a reaction occurs and subsequently oxidation – gain of oxygen – of the second substance in the same reaction takes place. On the other hand, acid-base reaction is when a solution of known molarity2 and volume present in a conical flask is titrated against a solution of unknown molarity in a burette until neutralization is reached. As I have shown in eq.1, in this investigation it was an acid reacting with a base, hence, an acid-base titration. eq.1 – Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium hydroxide Sodium Chloride + water HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
In this investigation the latter reaction was carried out, having hydrochloric acid (HCl(aq)) as the analyte in the conical flask and sodium hydroxide (NaOH(aq)) as the titrant in the burette. The analyte was also designated as the standard solution of the experiment, since it has known values of volume and concentration, the figures that allowed the molarity of the titrant to be calculated.
In an acid-base titration, the titrant in the burette is gradually added to the analyte in the conical flask until neutralisation happens, thus, the
1. Introduction
1.1 Aim
The aim of this investigation was to determine the precise molarity of two (NaOH(aq)) sodium hydroxide solutions produced at the beginning of the experiment through the acid-base titration technique.
1.2 Theoretical Background
Titration is a method commonly used in laboratory investigations to carry out chemical analysis. The most frequent chemical analysis performed through titration is when determining the exact concentration of a solution of unknown molarity. This technique is usually used in redox and acid-base reactions. Redox reaction is when reduction – lost of oxygen – of one of the substances present in a reaction occurs and subsequently oxidation – gain of oxygen – of the second substance in the same reaction takes place. On the other hand, acid-base reaction is when a solution of known molarity2 and volume present in a conical flask is titrated against a solution of unknown molarity in a burette until neutralization is reached. As I have shown in eq.1, in this investigation it was an acid reacting with a base, hence, an acid-base titration. eq.1 – Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium hydroxide Sodium Chloride + water HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
In this investigation the latter reaction was carried out, having hydrochloric acid (HCl(aq)) as the analyte in the conical flask and sodium hydroxide (NaOH(aq)) as the titrant in the burette. The analyte was also designated as the standard solution of the experiment, since it has known values of volume and concentration, the figures that allowed the molarity of the titrant to be calculated.
In an acid-base titration, the titrant in the burette is gradually added to the analyte in the conical flask until neutralisation happens, thus, the
References: * Jones, L; Atkins, P. (2000). Chemistry’s accounting: Reaction Stoichiometry. Chemistry: Molecules, Matter and Change. 4th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. p160-162 * Clark, J * LoveToKnow. (1996-2011). Titration – Definiton of Titration. Available: http://www.yourdictionary.com/titration. Last accessed 14th Nov 2011. * ChemBuddy. (2005). Concentration lectures – definition. Available : http://www.chembuddy.com/?left=concentration&right=concentration. Last accessed 15th Nov 2011. * Harold, C. (2011-2012). Experiment 2 : Acid-Base Titration. CHE-00027/29 General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Handbook. Keele University. p17-20 --------------------------------------------