The NAACP clearly played a major role in many of the successes of the civil rights campaign in this period. This is evident by their involvement in a series of legal cases regarding civil rights issues, such as their landmark legal case: Brown vs. Board of Education, Topeka. This case ruled that segregated schools were, in fact, not ‘separate but equal’ and they did this by referencing the 14th and 15th Amendment in many of his arguments and showing that children at white-only schools in the south had nearly $38 spent on each one of them per year, while the equivalent at a black-only school only had $13 spent on them. Thurgood Marshall, Legal Counsel for the NAACP, also brought in educationalists, psychologists and other professionals, proving that segregated schools caused psychological damage to black students by making them feel inferior. They were responsible for the success as this set a precedent for the subsequent legal cases, and drove forward the campaign for civil rights by boosting morale. Another important case supported by the NAACP was the…
The black people of America at the time were targeted for crimes that they didn’t commit. This may have included suspicion of black people murdering white people, or raping white women. The only punishment that was given to black people was lynching, which meant hanging them without facing a trial to clear them. Many people attended these including families with young children. This was America at its worst in treating others with respect. The lynching at the time has been described as shameful to the pride of…
Civil rights activist Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little, but Malcolm changed his name because he felt that his last name had been imposed on his family by a slave holder. When Malcolm was young, his family suffered greatly at the hands of white supremacists. His family’s home was burned down, and his father was probably murdered in retaliation for speaking out for African American rights. However, the police called both events accidents. Malcolm joined a controversial group devoted to securing rights for African Americans, called the Nation of Islam. He became a national spokesman for the group but left it after he became disillusioned with its leadership. Malcolm started his own organization and soon became frustrated at the civil rights movement’s…
Born on Christmas Day in the 1800’s as a slave, Joseph Vance Lewis would receive his greatest gift just ten years later: his freedom. Surpassing what he was told was unattainable for him because of the color of his skin; JV Lewis became an educator and lawyer. He was later admitted to the Supreme Court where he was soon recognized as the first African-American lawyer to win a case before a Harris County jury in favor of a black client accused of murder. This case and many other accomplishments made by JV Lewis are highlighted in his career to reflect a better insight of his legacy and show how his achievements helped shape the history of Fourth Ward, where Lewis devoted himself to make a difference. He was a community activist in Houston where…
The purpose of this letter was to explain the goals of these nonviolent demonstrations and the letter is directed to the white clergymen who had criticized these demonstrations and also called him an outsider and troublemaker.…
Clarence Thomas was sworn in to office on Wednesday, October 23, 1991 after he was accused by a woman named Anita Hill for sexual misconduct. After exploring the charges from Hill, the Judiciary Committee of the Legislature found no convincing evidence of proof in the allegations against Thomas. The Committee gave him no recommendation when reporting his nomination to Senate. The Senate voted 52 to 48 to the appointment of Thomas into the High Court. Since then, Clarence Thomas has served as an associated justice on the Supreme Court. Thomas frequently votes toward the sides of the conservatives and contrary to many observers, he did not mimic the conservative views of Antonin Scalia.…
“You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom”- Malcolm x. He is widely recognised for his work in the human rights movement and was a prominent Black Nationalist leader. Malcom x, born 19th May, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska, United States is known as one of the world’s most controversial and influential figures in history. Malcolm x faced many adversities from an early age and was tested with patience throughout his lifespan. His father was a Baptist minister and received many death threats from the KKK (white Supremacist group). In the year 1931; his father was killed by street cars and believed to be done by one of the members of the KKK. Malcolm was only six years old when he lost his father…
“If the First Amendment means anything, it means that a state has no business telling a man, sitting alone in his house, what books he may read or what films he may watch.” Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland and died on January 24, 1993. His parents are Norma and William Marshall. He has one brother, William Marshall. Marshall studied at Frederick Douglass High School and was one of the top achievers in his class. Marshall grew up where Blacks weren’t getting the justice they deserved, so he joined the NAACP. Thurgood Marshall has not only gave blacks a right to education by ending racial segregation in public schools and was the first Black Supreme Court justice, he’s the most intelligent of civil rights movement…
Jesse L. Jackson Jr., a former U.S. Representative. He represented Illinois ' 2nd congressional district. He is the son of activist and former presidential candidate Jesse Jackson Sr. Elected to Congress in 1995 at the age of 30 from a district that includes a part of the South Side of Chicago, Mr. Jackson was one of the most prominent young black politicians in the country. He is most remembered for working on issues related to health care and education for the poor. Jackson and his wife, Sandra Stevens Jackson, pled guilty on Wednesday in a scheme to use $750,000 in campaign cash for personal use. In January 2006, Jackson personally opened a bank account under the name Jesse Jackson Jr. for Congress, according to the Chicago Tribune, Federal authorities allege that Jackson Jr. used campaign funds to purchase a $43,350 men’s gold-plated Rolex watch, $5,150 worth of fur capes and parkas, and $9,588 in children’s furniture. The purchases were made between 2007 and 2009, according to the criminal information, which authorities noted is not evidence of guilt.…
Thurgood Marshall was the grandson of a slave. Thurgood’s grandfather was one of the 186,000 slaves who served in the army. Marshall’s grandfather later opened up grocery stores in Maryland city. After attending High School Thurgood attended the HBCU Lincoln University out of Chester County, Pennsylvania. After attending Lincoln University he continued his studies and applied to the University of Maryland Law School. Only to later find out he had been denied because he was black. This led him to apply to Howard University. Marshall was accepted and given a mentor by the name Charles Hamilton Houston. Thurgood Marshall soon became the Special Counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In 1935, Marshall and Houston won their first Civil Rights case. Thurgood then sped to Colombia to defend black men who were accused of murder. Marshall defeats one of the best well known lawyers John W. Davis. Davis had previously won all 140 cases before being defeated by Marshall. After these major cases Marshall is appointed to be the first African American to be elected to the Supreme Court. Marshall is sworn in as a federal judge in 1961. He upheld this position until 1991 when he retired. Two years after his retirement Thurgood Marshall dies at the age of…
The details of Malcolm X being shot by a man of his own color, seven times by a man named Thomas Hagan. The writers focus on where the event took place. Malcolm X was a leader of the Black Nationalist Movement and he had followers. Thomas ran and he got shot in the leg by Malcolm’s X bodyguard. He was 22 years old and had several guns with him. Each write also had one or two of Malcolm’s X follower put their opinion of what they saw and hope he did not die and if he did it be a fight bound to happen if that what they wanted.…
5. What contribution did Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., SNCC, CORE and the SCLC make to civil rights?…
| He believed for America to be a great nation, people had to stand side by…
Briefly describe the situation preceding Dr. King's arrest and what prompted him to write the letter.…
Our project is about heroes and leaders, what defines them and what special qualities are needed in order to be a successful hero or leader.…