Third Trimester Exam Study Guide
Pressure- results from a force pushing on an area
Crust-contains land and ocean floor (50-70 km); solid
Mantle-2867 km; solid
Lithosphere-crust and uppermost part of the mantle; solid
Asthenosphere-soft layer within the mantle
Outer core-2,266 km; liquid
Inner core-1,216 km; solid
Pangaea-“super continent”, when all continents were connected
Subduction-when one continental plate slides under another, at a deep-ocean trench
Deep-ocean trench-a place in the ocean where subduction occurs
Mid-ocean ridge-a place in the ocean where new crust is constantly being added sea-floor spreading- the sea floor is constantly spreading as crust is subducting into the mantle and new crust is being formed plate-one of the rigid crustal blocks of the lithosphere which move horizontally across the earth's surface relative to one another plate tectonics-explains the formation, movement, and subduction of plates fault-a break in the rock of the crust where rock surfaces slip past each other stress-a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume tension-pulls on the crust, making it thinner compression-squeezes rock until it folds or breaks shearing-pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions normal fault-tension; hanging wall moves down, relative to the footwall-the rock that lies directly beneath the fault line hanging wall-the rock that hangs over the fault line strike-slip fault-shearing; little up or down movement anticline-a fold in rock that bends upward into an arch syncline-a fold in rock that bends downward to create a valley plateau-a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level focus-the heart of the earthquake epicenter-the point on the surface directly above the focus
P wave-the first waves to arrive; push and pull
S wave-the next waves to arrive; side to side
Surface wave-p and s waves; last waves to arrive; moves side to side
Mercalli scale-rates earthquakes according to level of damage; 1-12
Magnitude-a number
Crust-contains land and ocean floor (50-70 km); solid
Mantle-2867 km; solid
Lithosphere-crust and uppermost part of the mantle; solid
Asthenosphere-soft layer within the mantle
Outer core-2,266 km; liquid
Inner core-1,216 km; solid
Pangaea-“super continent”, when all continents were connected
Subduction-when one continental plate slides under another, at a deep-ocean trench
Deep-ocean trench-a place in the ocean where subduction occurs
Mid-ocean ridge-a place in the ocean where new crust is constantly being added sea-floor spreading- the sea floor is constantly spreading as crust is subducting into the mantle and new crust is being formed plate-one of the rigid crustal blocks of the lithosphere which move horizontally across the earth's surface relative to one another plate tectonics-explains the formation, movement, and subduction of plates fault-a break in the rock of the crust where rock surfaces slip past each other stress-a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume tension-pulls on the crust, making it thinner compression-squeezes rock until it folds or breaks shearing-pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions normal fault-tension; hanging wall moves down, relative to the footwall-the rock that lies directly beneath the fault line hanging wall-the rock that hangs over the fault line strike-slip fault-shearing; little up or down movement anticline-a fold in rock that bends upward into an arch syncline-a fold in rock that bends downward to create a valley plateau-a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level focus-the heart of the earthquake epicenter-the point on the surface directly above the focus
P wave-the first waves to arrive; push and pull
S wave-the next waves to arrive; side to side
Surface wave-p and s waves; last waves to arrive; moves side to side
Mercalli scale-rates earthquakes according to level of damage; 1-12
Magnitude-a number