Theories Of Social Work

According to “Contemporary human behavior theory: A critical perspective for social work”, in social work there are several terms associated with the discussion of theories. The terms are theory, perspective, models and practice models. The term theory is used to explain and predict. Theories exist to help practitioners understand why something happens and to help predict future occurrences. To understand theory construction, explanation, and prediction, it is imperative to understand the differences between empirical structures and theoretical structures (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, 2006, p. 5.) In order to understand empirical structures the use of our senses is needed. Empirical structures are experienced through our senses, and our environment;
14). Theories can lead social workers to grasp changes that are needed within the profession. Practitioners can use theories to identify the sources of problems and work on conflict resolution. There are a few different ways to evoke change such as policy design and implementation, class advocacy, and social action (Robbins et al., 2006, p.14). Another method in which theories are applied to social work practice is by guiding practice. Theories provide the conceptual framework for examining and assessing problems at the macro, mezzo, and micro levels. Theories are used to guide practitioners in the development of treatment and intervention plans to ease problems and improve client functioning (Robbins et al., 2006, p.14). Theories provide social workers with the tools needed to understand their clients and how their problems may have developed. Theories also lead practitioners to practice models which are put in place to guide clients. Theories are used in conducting research as well. Research is used to develop a better insight into to our behavior and conditions. Without theories it would be difficult to interpret observations (Robbins et al., 2006, p.14). Social workers build upon the knowledge base of
Individuals who are a part of this population may lack empowerment and suffer due to the choices made. According to Brad Karoll (2010), empowerment is defined as ‘gaining control over one’s life, that is, gaining control over the factors which are critical in accounting for one’s state of oppression or disempowerment’ (p. 266). Substance abuse is considered a form of oppression. Using the empowerment perspective encourages the client to develop the knowledge, skills, and resources needed to help them. Karoll (2010) states social work practitioners must actively involve their clients in the healing process, developing a relationship based on mutuality while assisting in a two way dialogue that mutually identifies potential alternatives and choices (p. 266). It’s imperative to remember that substance abused is interrelated with various other issues such as poverty, abuse, depression, and mental diagnosis. There may be many conflicts or issues that the client has to overcome and learn how to manage in order to feel empowered. Another theory used is the psychodynamic theory which focuses on the either intrapsychic conflict or psychosocial conflict. According to “Rural Social Work: Building and Sustaining Community Capacity”, the intrapsychic conflicts refer to conflict within the person and the psychosocial