The Use of Expectancy and Reinforcement Theories of Motivation
The use of Expectancy and Reinforcement Theories of Motivation
Expectancy theory refers to the cognitive or mental process of a person in regards to choosing or making a choice. It explains the process a person goes through to make a choice. There are three components to this the Expectancy theory they are Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valance. The expectancy component is a person’s belief that the effort they put forward will lead to a certain type of performance. The instrumentality component is the belief the performance will lead to some type of reward. The valance component is how the person values the expected reward. I’m in the military and Soldiers expect rewards in the way of awards and promotions. We receive medals, ribbons, and certificates of appreciation for our accomplishments. We are also recommended for promotions due to our job performance.
The Reinforcement theory of motivation is the process of shaping a behavior by controlling the outcome of the behavior. Example: I have a daughter that is sixteen years old and a son that is fourteen years old, well my youngest wasn’t doing so well in school but my oldest was on the honor roll so when she brought her report card came home I praised her tremendously and allowed her to take advantage of many privileges (hanging out with friends, going to the movies, etc.) my youngest seeing the outcome of my daughters hard work stepped his game up and is now receiving the same privileges as his sister and is actually making better grades than his sister. The other way my son’s behavior is shaped is with negative reinforcement he knows that if he does not do well in his class he will be reprimanded and have his privileges taken away from him (cell phone, Xbox, outside time with friend, basically all things fun related).
For this case I believe the employees of this organization are not motivated to perform well because there is no incentive to perform well. In order to motivate these
Expectancy theory refers to the cognitive or mental process of a person in regards to choosing or making a choice. It explains the process a person goes through to make a choice. There are three components to this the Expectancy theory they are Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valance. The expectancy component is a person’s belief that the effort they put forward will lead to a certain type of performance. The instrumentality component is the belief the performance will lead to some type of reward. The valance component is how the person values the expected reward. I’m in the military and Soldiers expect rewards in the way of awards and promotions. We receive medals, ribbons, and certificates of appreciation for our accomplishments. We are also recommended for promotions due to our job performance.
The Reinforcement theory of motivation is the process of shaping a behavior by controlling the outcome of the behavior. Example: I have a daughter that is sixteen years old and a son that is fourteen years old, well my youngest wasn’t doing so well in school but my oldest was on the honor roll so when she brought her report card came home I praised her tremendously and allowed her to take advantage of many privileges (hanging out with friends, going to the movies, etc.) my youngest seeing the outcome of my daughters hard work stepped his game up and is now receiving the same privileges as his sister and is actually making better grades than his sister. The other way my son’s behavior is shaped is with negative reinforcement he knows that if he does not do well in his class he will be reprimanded and have his privileges taken away from him (cell phone, Xbox, outside time with friend, basically all things fun related).
For this case I believe the employees of this organization are not motivated to perform well because there is no incentive to perform well. In order to motivate these
References: Allen, G. (1998). Motivating. Supervision. Retrieved July 27, 2010 at: http://www.businessballs.com/mcgregorxytheorydiagram.pdf Chapman, A. (nd). Motivation Resources. Retrieved July 27, 2010 at: http://www.businessballs.com/motivation.htm Chapman, A. (nd). Abraham Maslow 's Hierarchy of Needs motivational model. Retrieved July 27, 2010 at: http://www.businessballs.com/maslow.htm Chapman, A. (nd). Maslow 's Hierarchy of Needs Self-Assessment. Retrieved July 27, 2010 at: http://www.businessballs.com/maslowtest.pdf Chapman, A. (nd). Adams ' Equity Theory. Retrieved July 27, 2010 at: http://www.businessballs.com/adamsequitytheory.htm Chapman, A. (nd). Herzberg 's Motivation Theory. Retrieved July 27, 2010 at: http://www.businessballs.com/herzberg.htm Media, D. (n.d.). How can Managers Use Reinforcement Theory. Retrieved October 31, 2011 at: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/can-managers-use-reinforcement-theory-motivate-employees-18559.html