The Temperance Movement

The 18th amendment, “Section 1, After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. Section 2, The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Section 3, This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress. (The Charters of Freedom n.d.)” This amendment’s ratification was the realization of all the people in the United States that the temperance movement finally became reality, but long over a century before the ratification of the 18th Amendment the temperance movement was making its way into the United States. When examining the Prohibition its impact is palpable, but it was more than just a trial and error issue. The prohibition was about social reformation that took place long before the initial enactment of the 18th amendment. The era known as the temperance movement brought renovation on many aspects of the United States; politics, religion, government roles and the role of the people. The Temperance Movement is a period in time which we can credit this absolute change of American aspects to the array of prohibition supporting parties and Congressional debate. The earliest signs of a temperance movement date back to the 1820’s, with licensing acts, that tried to limit, but truly the goal during the 1820’s was more focused on abolishment of alcohol. These first laws were brought forward by the Federalist Party. The Federalist Party would primarily be made up of businessmen, and most New Englanders were federalists. The Federalist

Bibliography: Barrows, Susanna, and Robin Room. Drinkig: Behavior and Belief in Modern Historty. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991. Bliss, William Dwight Porter. The encyclopedia of social reform. New York: University of Virgina Press, 1897. Braeman, John, Robert Bremner, and David Brody. Change and Continuity in Twentieth-Century America: The 1920 's. Columbus: Ohio State Univeristy Press, 1968. Burnham, John. Bad Habits: Drinking, Smoking, Taking Drugs, Gambling, Sexual Misbehavior and Swearing in American History. New York: New York University Press, 1993. Clubb, Henry Stephen. "Maine Law." The Maine Liquor Law: Its Origin, History, and Results, December 15, 1856: 101-104. Dunstan, Roger. Gambling in California. Sacramento , January 12, 1997. eBay Guides. eBay. September 13, 2010. http://reviews.ebay.com/A-SHORT-GUIDE-TO-THE-PROHIBITION-ERA-amp-PROHIBITION_W0QQugidZ10000000002952559 (accessed March 3, 2011). —. eBay. September 13, 2010. http://moodle.setonhill.edu/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=48 (accessed March 3, 2011). Eskridge, Larry. "Defining Evangelicalism." Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, March 4, 1995: 2-3. Funk, I.K. "New York Times." Prohibition and High Liscense, February 15, 1887 . Gary, James. "The Official History of Manchester City 's Grounds." Farewell to Maine Road, 2003. Jensen, Richard. "Federalist Party." Encylopedia of Third Parties, August 16, 2000: 23-25. Koren, Hogn. Alcohol and Society. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1916. Krout, John Allen. The origins of prohibition. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1925. League, Anti-Saloon, interview by New York Times. American Issues (November 9, 1917). Merz, Charles. The Dry Decade. Garden City: University of Washington Press, 1931. New York Herald. "America 's first Birthday." January 15, 1920. Pietrusza, David. "1920: The Year of Six Presidents." 159-160. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2007. Sinclair, Andrew. Prohibition, the era of excess. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1962. The Charters of Freedom. http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_amendments_11-27.html (accessed March 16, 2011). Wet and Dry Hopes Raised by Decision. "New York Times." January 11, 1917: 1.