The purpose is to alter the genetic code in plants and animals to make them more productive or resistant to pests or farming techniques, like being doused with chemicals that would normally kill them (Foodstandards.gov.au, 2015). Some of the benefits of genetically modified crops are that genes can be inserted that cause the plant to be resistant to many harmful things such as weeds, insects, and disease (Classes.soe.ucsc.edu, 2015). This would allow for less herbicides to be used on the crops and more crops to survive and produce food. Crops can also be modified to have a longer shelf life in stores, grow in dryer/colder climates, be resistant to pests, and even to have increased nutritional value.
There is a corporation called Monsanto that owns patents of many GMO seeds in the US. They claim that there foods are harmless and point to studies- many of which the company itself has conducted- demonstrating the safety of the products produced (Monsanto.com, 2015). These studies however have been widely critiqued for obvious bias, and I agree with those assessments. The Monsanto studies only prove that data can be manipulated, not that the products are safe. So, without high quality, objective information, the debate quickly turns into a he said/ she said