The purpose is to research the reactions that morphine undergoes and its importance is the studies of grade 12 students, as well as its uses in health, its effect on the environment, its role in a large industry of narcotics, and the risks and benefits associated with morphine.
Morphine has been used over the course of thousands of years for both medicinal and recreational purposes it is derived from the opium poppy. The milk like liquid that seeps from a cut of the flower is what has been dried and used as an analgesic since ancient times. The earliest mention of opium growth was in 3,400 B.C., in lower Mesopotamia 1. Since then the growth of opiates has spread across the globe. The most active opiate in the poppy is morphine. …show more content…
This reaction is also called, methylation. Methylation designates the addition of a methyl group on an atom 7. It is a form of alkylation with a methyl group, instead of a larger carbon chain it replaces the hydrogen atom with a methyl group which then yields codeine. Codeine can be used to treat mild to moderate pain, primarily used to treat coughing. Codeine is often times combined with other non-narcotic painkillers, or cough medications which then works by affecting the parts of the brain to treat cough and pain. Common symptoms for chronic coughing are;
- runny or stuffy nose `-frequent throat clearing and sore throat -hoarseness -wheezing and shortness of breath -heartburn or a sour taste in your mouth -in rare cases, coughing up blood 8 Codeine works to suppress the cough reflex in the brain to reduce coughing. Without the methylation, addition reaction, of morphine which yields codeine, something as simple as a cough could not be treated as efficiently. …show more content…
Morphine has a high potential for addiction because of its effects on the brain’s pathways. Morphine abuse is especially dangerous if the user has a history of abuse and/or addiction. There are other factors associated with the risk of abuse such as; mental illness, it is mixed with other substances, used recreationally, or used more than prescribed. Another risk is that life-threatening respiratory problems may arise if morphine intake is mixed with alcohol consumption 16. An environmental risk is that the demand for opium causes the creation of illegal plantation and thus will directly affect ecological systems because of illegal logging, and chemical insecticide use and