The Depressed Client and Cbt
THE DEPRESSED CLIENT AND CBT
The Oxford College notes (2006) define depression as a major affective disorder because it affects feelings, mood, and thoughts. Feltham and Dryden (1997) define depression as a short-lived mood or chronic condition characterised by hopelessness, apathy, meaninglessness, withdrawal, low self-esteem, sadness. Depression affects or reveals itself in sadness, dejection; depressed cognitions include negative evaluation of one’s self, the world and one’s future. Depressed behaviour includes lethargy, isolation, and disturbed eating and sleeping patterns.
Dryden and Branch (2008) state that an agenda devised by the client and therapist together helps to keep focus within sessions and maximize the use of time, Westbrook et al., (2007) states that in the early stages of fighting depression, the client is not likely to enjoy anything as much as they did before. It is important to prepare clients for the fact that initially they will probably have to force themselves to do things even though there is not much pleasure.
Milne (2008) states that causes of depression can include genetics, biological predisposition, certain types of upbringing, and events of adult life that can be either chronic or specific and traumatic. The Oxford College notes (2006) state that classification of depression can be made using the symptom list:
On the form below please place a tick against any listed that are the same as, or similar to symptoms you have noticed in relation to yourself:
- An over whelming feeling of sadness.
- Loss of interest or pleasure in things you would normally enjoy.
- Feeling of guilt, worthlessness or hopelessness.
- Difficulty in sleeping, waking up early.
- Extreme tiredness, with no energy and possibly little appetite.
- Weight loss.
- Difficulty in concentrating, making decisions or remembering things.
- Headaches, abdominal pains and palpitations.
- Anxiety, panic attacks, overwhelming
The Oxford College notes (2006) define depression as a major affective disorder because it affects feelings, mood, and thoughts. Feltham and Dryden (1997) define depression as a short-lived mood or chronic condition characterised by hopelessness, apathy, meaninglessness, withdrawal, low self-esteem, sadness. Depression affects or reveals itself in sadness, dejection; depressed cognitions include negative evaluation of one’s self, the world and one’s future. Depressed behaviour includes lethargy, isolation, and disturbed eating and sleeping patterns.
Dryden and Branch (2008) state that an agenda devised by the client and therapist together helps to keep focus within sessions and maximize the use of time, Westbrook et al., (2007) states that in the early stages of fighting depression, the client is not likely to enjoy anything as much as they did before. It is important to prepare clients for the fact that initially they will probably have to force themselves to do things even though there is not much pleasure.
Milne (2008) states that causes of depression can include genetics, biological predisposition, certain types of upbringing, and events of adult life that can be either chronic or specific and traumatic. The Oxford College notes (2006) state that classification of depression can be made using the symptom list:
On the form below please place a tick against any listed that are the same as, or similar to symptoms you have noticed in relation to yourself:
- An over whelming feeling of sadness.
- Loss of interest or pleasure in things you would normally enjoy.
- Feeling of guilt, worthlessness or hopelessness.
- Difficulty in sleeping, waking up early.
- Extreme tiredness, with no energy and possibly little appetite.
- Weight loss.
- Difficulty in concentrating, making decisions or remembering things.
- Headaches, abdominal pains and palpitations.
- Anxiety, panic attacks, overwhelming
References: BRANCH, R. and DRYDEN, W. (2008) The Cognitive Behaviour Counselling Primer. A concise, accessible, comprehensive introduction. PCCS BOOKS. FELTHAM, C. and DRYDEN, W. (1993) Dictionary of Counselling. WHURR PUBLISHERS Ltd. GREENBERGER, D. and PADESKY, A., C., (1995) Mind Over Mood. Change How You Feel by Changing the Way You Think. A DIVISION OF GUILFORD PUBLICATION, Inc. MARSHALL, S. and TURNBULL, J, (1996) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. An introduction to Theory and Practice. BAILLIÈRE TINDALL. MILNE, A. (2008) Teach Yourself Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. HODDER HEADLINE. WESTBROOK, D., KENNERLEY, H., & KIRK, J., (2007) An Introduction to Cognitive Behaviour. Therapy Skills and Applications. SAGE PUBLICATIONS. OXFORD COLLEGE NOTES 2006. OXFORD COLLEGE ODL 2006