In the threat condition participants were instructed they would be taking a math test that had been shown to produce gender differences; in the no threat conditions, participants were also told they were taking a math test but that the test had been shown not to produce gender differences. This explicit stereotype threat manipulation has been shown to produce performance effects in previous research (e. g. , Brown & Pinel, (2003), Jamieson & Harkins, (2007)). No specific mention was made as to whether men outperformed women or vice versa, only that gender differences did or did not exist on the task. Participants were expected to infer that women would perform more poorly than men based on the societal stereotype that men are superior to women in mathematical ability. Each participant responded to a questionnaire upon completion of the math test. 2 questions allowed us to evaluate the effectiveness of the stereotype threat manipulation: “To what extent are there gender differences in performance on this task?” (1 = No Gender Differences, 11 = Gender Differences) and “Who do you believe performs better on this task?” (1 = Males Perform Better, 6 = Males and Females Perform The Same, 11 = Females Perform Better). Participants were also asked to rate how difficult the test was, how interesting the task was, how anxious they felt about their performance, and how much effort they put into the task, all on…