The narrator writes, “When he arrived he expected a good dinner to be on the table at the right temperature exactly five minutes after he walked in the door. He yelled if she didn’t get it right and sometimes even if she did” (306). This shows the daily verbal abuse Josie received. Although she tried her hardest to please her husband, he always felt the need for conflict. He purposely made her feel inferior and as if she couldn’t do anything properly. Professor Jeffrey A. Parness teaches a variety of civil procedure courses as well as administrative law at Northern Illinois University. Parness’ primary areas of scholarship include federal and state civil procedure laws, maternity and paternity laws, the legal status of the unborn, state constitutional equality laws, crime victim restitution, witness abuse in civil litigation, and judicial rulemaking. In his article The Abuse and Neglect of the Human Unborn: Protecting Potential Life, he uses uncompromising research and studies to show that unstable and physically abusive marriages directly correlate with an unhealthy human unborn. Parness writes, “Only recently has a state legislature seen fit to create a distinct statutory scheme providing comprehensive protection of the unborn. Recent Minnesota laws now criminalize conduct involving both varying forms of culpable activity causing injury to the unborn and varying forms of injury to the …show more content…
She spent most of her marriage walking on eggshells for a man who only brought her down, physically and mentally. The narrator states, “The first time that happened Josie didn’t go to morning mass at St. Francis and Mami went down to her apartment to see if she was sick or something. Josie came to the door with a big bruise on her face. After that Mami went to fetch her every Sunday and stayed with her if she was too ashamed to go to church” (307). This statement elaborates Josie’s usual reaction to hide and cower in fear of her husband and his punishments. She would take the abuse and her mother would help her slide it underneath the rug, instead of encourage her to leave him. Marguerite Stevenson Barratt teaches at Michigan State University in the Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences Division as a Senior Science Advisor. Karen K. Colbert teaches at Iowa State University in the Human Development & Family Studies department as a Program Coordinator. Mary A. Roach is an American author who specializes in popular science and has published 7 books. In their article Single Mothers and Their Infants: Factors Associated with Optimal Parenting, Barratt, Roach, and Colbert discuss the maternal and infant factors that may affect single mothers and their children. They write, “There is a tendency for single mothers to remain living within the contexts of their