Prior to February 8, 2017, Trayvonta William Owens’ whereabouts were unknown and his case was inactive. Prior to his whereabouts being unknown, Trayvonta was on level four parole supervision. Trayvonta was released from the Department of Juvenile Justice on November 17, 2016. Upon release Trayvonta was placed at the Apartment Living Program in Virginia Beach, Virginia. In this program, Trayvonta was provided transitional case management services, independent living skills, life skills and 30 days of electronic monitoring. A referral for substance abuse relapse prevention through Tidewater Youth Services Commission was also made. Trayvonta left the Apartment Living Program on December 12, 2016. His whereabouts were unknown until February 8,…
The maintenance of an addiction is explained by biological tolerance. Long-term engagement in an addictive behaviour resluts in a neuroadaptation to occur where dopamine receptors become less sensitive to the rewarding effects of an addictive behaviour, therefore an individual must increase the amount that they engage in the behaviour in order to feel the same effects as when they first started the behaviour. A smoker will continue to smoke in order to maintain nicotine levels and a gambler will continue to gamble in order to feel the rewarding effects of dopamine produced while gambling.…
For many years, individuals have battled substance abuse and addiction. My position comes from hearing about it, having seeing results from it, and reading about it, also developing my own thoughts about addiction. Weil and Rosen (1993) believe that a drug use (and addiction) results from humans longing for a sense of completeness and wholeness, and searching for satisfaction outside of themselves. McNeece and DiNitto (2012) says the reason why people continue to use drugs to the point of becoming a physically and/ or psychologically dependent on them are more complex, some have tried to explain this phenomenon as a deficit in moral values, a disease, conditioning or learned behavior, or as a genetic prosperity. Still some see it as a “rewiring” of the brain (Mc Neece & DiNitto, 2012). At this point, there is no one single theory that adequately explains addiction (McNeece & DiNitto, 2012).…
References: Addiction in women., (2010). Harvard Mental Health Letter, 26(7), 1–3. Field, C. A., Caetano, R., Harris, T. R., Frankowski, R., and Roudsari, B., (2009). Ethnic differences in drinking outcomes following a brief alcohol intervention in the trauma care setting. Society for the Study of Addiction, 105, 62–73.…
Butelman, B., Leveron, O., Kreek, M., Schulessman, S., Yan, Y., (Oct., 2012). Opiate Addiction and Cocaine Addiction: Underlying Molecular Neurobiology and Genetics. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 122(10), 3387-3389…
new A number of factors influence the brain structures and functions associated with the motivation to refrain from using drugs. The dynamics involved include intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, heredity, and environmental forces. In general, internal motivation is considered to be associated with long-term behavior modification, whereas the successful outcome of external motivation can be short lived (Pubs.niaaa.nih, 2010).Motivational assessment suggests a considerable challenge. To bring about a transformation of behavior, one must consider the individual’s internal point of view and beliefs, as well as his or her external forces and inducements. Although environmental and biological factors play a role in the desire to refrain from using drugs, the structures and functions of the brain related to motivation play an enormous role in one’s ability to do so; therefore, the approach must be multidimensional, with regard to these factors…
In the 1990’s, however following the new advances in neuroimaging, some of the biological mechanisms of addiction became apparent and some scientists conceptualized addiction as a disease of biological, rather than purely mental origins. For example, in his capacity as the director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Alan Leshner wrote that the reason we ought to think of addiction as a disease is that it ‘is tied to changes in brain structure and…
The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) explains that addiction is a brain disease. The initial decision to take drugs is a person’s…
Drug addiction is considered a progressive disease that if left untreated can result in death. When we become addicted we have lost control of the desire and need for the substance. This loss of control causes us to become consumed by the desire and the need for the substance. Addiction produces changes in the brain that cause our behavior to change. This change in behavior is what leads to the loss of control. “This is not something that develops overnight for any individual. Generally there is a series of steps that individuals go through from experimentation and occasional use to the actual loss of control.” (HBO). The progression of this disease has no specific time frame. It differs from person to person. Regardless of time, addiction follows the same path. We become addicted, our disease progresses, and either we get help and recover or we take one of the following options: jail, institution, or death.…
Research Her imaging studies of the brains of people addicted to drugs have helped to clarify the mechanisms of drug addiction. This research has helped to change the public's view of drug addiction, from that of a moral violation or character flaw to an understanding that pathological changes to brain structure make it very difficult for addicts to give up their addictions.[1] Volkow has shown that abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex of addicts create a feeling of need or craving that addicts know is irrational but cannot prevent. Prefrontal abnormalities also make it difficult to override compulsions to take drugs by exercising cognitive control. The main areas affected are the orbitofrontal cortex, which maintains attention to goals, and the anterior cingulate cortex, that mediates the capacity to monitor and select action plans. Both areas receive stimulation from dopamine centers lower in the brain. A steady influx of dopamine makes it difficult for addicts to shift their attention away from the goal of attaining drugs. It also fastens their attention to the motivational value of…
D-Client arrived on time for his scheduled appt. with this writer. The client was alert and engaging throughout the session. During the course of the one hour session, he was aware about completing his first initial tx plan, at which he was open to discuss and complete. The client reported that he participated at HOI prior – 15 years ago for heroin. He relapses in 2009 due to his liver transplant surgery in December of 2008. When asked by this writer about happen during his relapse. According to the client, he relapses on RX medication-oxycodone. He’s been abusing his Rx medication for 6 years. This writer asked the client about how his relapse affects his livelihood. According to the client, he affected him greatly financially whereas he spent his entire $150,000 inheritance on RX medication on the street. The client further mentioned that he spend $5,000 a week on daily Rx medication of 30 capsules of oxycodone. The client expressed his disappointment in himself because he was doing well, but since his surgery, at which the client recognized as a blessing, caused his addiction to pain killers. The client continues to say, “I cannot blame anyone, but me.” The client had a desire to open up his own Bar/Restaurant…
The article critique examines the treatment modalities and the criminal justice system (Witkiewitz et al., 2014). The aim of this study is to compare mindfulness behavioral relapse prevention (MBRP) and Relapse Prevention (RP) conducted in residential programs (Witkiewitz et al., 2014). Four self reported assessments was used to determine whether treatment was effective. The results concluded that (MBRP) was more effective in some instances than (RP) and further results suggested to increase generalization the sample and length of study should be evaluated(Witkiewitz et al., 2014).…
Counselor met with Pt. for a short tx intervention. Counselor flagged pt. in the computer to meet this writer before dosing. Counselor greeted Pt. and told him that this writer tried to reach him but his phone wasn’t accepting calls. Pt. explained how his phone was disconnected because he did not receive his veteran check. Counselor and Pt. discussed his recent positive UDS result, the events that led to the relapse and how he is going to lose of his take home privileges. Pt. verbalized that he has infection in a tooth and he used cocaine toothpaste to remove it. Pt. stated, “I wasn’t thinking about it at the moment, but after the incident, I was expecting.” Counselor asked Pt. why and how he removed his tooth. Pt. informed this writer that…
Understanding the impact of addiction — whether it be an addiction to alcohol, opioid painkillers, narcotic street drugs, marijuana or methamphetamines — can be a wake-up call for someone who’s still on the fence about recovery. If you’ve already gotten clean and sober, statistics can remind you of where you’ve been in the past, and how far you’ve come in your recovery journey.…
Relapse Factors and Warning Signs Relapse is usually caused by a combinations of factors. Some possible factors and warning signs might be:…