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In the classical societies of China and India, women are viewed as second to men. Both societies agree that men are stronger, protectors, providers, and more authoritative than women. They also agree that women are inferior, delicate, gentle, and vulnerable than men. Generally, men had a higher level of independence than women, whereas, women completely depended on their husbands socially and economically. Even though they both agree that women are inferior to men, Chinese women have less dependency on men than Indian women but there is still a great dependency on men by women in both societies.…
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Women’s rights deteriorated after the Vedic period (1600-800 BCE). No one has been able to prove why this happened. Scholarly interest has focused on women’s exclusion from performing Hindu rituals, which was in effect by 500 BCE…Julia Leslie thinks that women’s exclusion resulted from intentional mistranslation of the Vedas by male scholars, as the rituals became more complicated and as the requirement for property ownership was more rigorously enforced at a time when women could not own property.…
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Thesis: During the second-wave civilizations, women were originally restricted from doing things that most men did during this time period. At last, women were allowed to participate in many activities in society and all around and it finally was not that patriarchal dominated. Women were able to do many things and the influence and power ranged heavily in these societies. There were many roles that women had in society, the major two were housewives and the influence that they participated in. From this, we can infer that the roles of women defined their positions during the second-wave civilizations.…
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The region of South Asia underwent many changes and continuities that resulted in a heavily patriarchal and hierarchal social structure by 600 CE. Perhaps the biggest change in the society was the caste system brought about by Aryans from Europe. The invaders helped to develop the different statuses going from priests, to warriors, to merchants, to commoners, and the natives or untouchables at the bottom. Once people were born into their designated caste, it was basically impossible to stray from it. These different subdivisions were a result of commerce and religion. As trading became more vital, merchant and craftsmen classes grew and pushed their way onto the social scale below the warriors. Hinduism, also derived from the Aryan invaders, provided the highest social standing referred to as Brahmins or priests. The caste system grew to be more important to the people than the government's authority as it provided a strong political and social stability. The second largest faith practiced in India next to Hinduism was Buddhism. The religion grew in popularity due to its message of equality to men and women alike from all levels of society. This affected the gender roles as well as social structure although the overall patriarchy and hierarchy firmly remained. From the beginning of this era, women were viewed as inferior and little is done to change this idea through 600 CE. These women were not even entitled to own property, and the superiority of men is also shown through the emperors many wives. This is demonstrated further in the family structures of South Asia as they are always headed by the men, both young and old. Marriages were often arranged while the girls were at very young ages in order to ensure adequate dowry. Women were responsible for the nurturing of children, performance of petty chores, and any other tasks assigned by the husbands, fathers, and sons of the family. The men, on the other hand, were educated and not at all…
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Prompt: Gender is not sex: gender has to do with the roles and expectations commonly ascribed to men and women, and these can vary from one society to another. Write an essay that explores similarities and differences in gender norms in ancient Egypt, Rome, and India.…
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Both China and India, like most classical empires, were patriarchal societies which allowed women little to no independence. Women were inferior to men and were restricted to domestic lives as wives and mothers. Chinese women were forced to spend their days at home because of Confucian values which emphasized the importance of a wife’s obedience to her husband. Foot-binding emerged during China’s classical era and further confined women to the home. Yin and yang, the concept of contrasting forces in the world, also limited Chinese women’s opportunities because it described women as the weak counterpart to men. In India, women at first had some property rights and some families were even matrilineal. However, Hindu laws set more restrictions on women, especially on those in upper classes. For example, a wealthy woman would have to conduct the ritual of sati and cremate herself at her husband’s funeral. Indian women, similar to Chinese women, were confined to their homes, and they were forced to cover themselves from head to toe when they came out. The only exceptions to restrictions on women of the classical era were a Chinese woman being able to exercise authority as a mother-in-law and an Indian women gaining independence by becoming a Buddhist nun. While both empires had similar gender hierarchies, the differences in their social hierarchies are what set them apart.…
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Mesopotamia and Classical India alike were both patriarchal societies. This is important because it shows how much we have advanced in women’s rights. Women in both civilizations were treated as property. While women in Classical India were protected, the rights they received were nowhere near the same as they were for men. Only men had the right to own property and make trades in both civilizations. Women were even treated poorly in the law codes. In the code of Hammurabi, if a woman’s husband died they would need to throw themselves in a fire. All women were to live for was their husbands. The patriarchal society of Classical India and Mesopotamia shows how women were treated and interacted with.…
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Analyze how gender roles in India and China changed from 8000 b.c. – 600 c.e. OR from 600 c.e. – 1450 c.e.…
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During ancient days women have been adored and worshipped as goddesses. Our country itself is called 'Mother Land' in utter contrast to the fatherland of the West. In ancient period, several women occupied distinguished positions in society and played very important role. Maitreyi, Lilawati, Gargi, Katyayani, are some of the unforgettable names which can neither wither nor become absolute. The women have been adored since time immemorial as virtues incarnates. Saraswati is called the 'Goddess of learning'; Parvati, the Goddess of Chastity; Lakshmi, the Goddess of Wealth; Durga Kali, the goddess of Power and Energy. Manu, the great scholar said "Where women are worshipped there the deities are pleased".…
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Medieval Indian Women Medieval India was considered the "Dark Ages" for Indian women. It would not be correct to say that the caste system was the only baneful feature of Hindu society. There was a progressive deterioration in the position of women in the society since Manu's times, which reached the…
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The purpose of the research paper is to examine the role of women in Hinduism and how it impact their lives .This paper will look at how narratives from sacred texts influences women’s role in society in the past and in the present. The role of women in Hinduism is often disputed, and positions range from equal status with men to restrictive. Hinduism is based on numerous texts, some of which date back to 2000 BCE or earlier. They are varied in authority, authenticity, content and theme, with the most authoritative being the Vedas. The position of women in Hinduism is widely dependent on the specific text and the context. Positive references are made to the ideal woman in texts such as the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, while some texts such as the Manu Smriti advocate a restriction of women's rights. In modern times, the Hindu wife has traditionally been regarded as someone who must at all costs remain chaste or pure. This is in contrast with the very different traditions that have prevailed at earlier times in Hindu kingdoms, which included highly respected professional courtesans such as Amrapali of Vesali, sacred Devadasis, mathematicians and female magicians the Basavis, the tantric kulikas. Mahabharata and Manu Smriti asserts that gods are delighted only when women are worshiped or honoured, otherwise all spiritual actions become futile, as evidenced by the narrative from the Mahabharata “Deities of prosperity are women. The persons that desire prosperity should honour them. By cherishing women, one cherishes the goddess of prosperity herself, and by afflicting her, one is said to afflict the goddess of prosperity” (Mahabharata,).…
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Women were categorized by what they can provide for men, whether that is a functioning, fertile womb, the ability to cook and provide food to the family, or whatever else skill they had. Every individual caste was expected to accomplish their specific responsibilities; there were no opportunities outside that which was assigned to them. Each caste was, “branded as different from males and from other…
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Women in ancient Rome and China were very different but quite similar as for as their treatment and roles were concerned. In both cultures they were under the protection of their fathers until they married. When they married they were to stay home and be wives, they were not formally educated and learned to manage their households. They were not allowed to disgrace their families in any way and were inferior to men from the moment of birth. Chinese women whether from a noble or a poor family could not escape oppression, but it was somewhat easier for the women from Noble families. (8) Comparing the women of Ancient Rome (750BC – AD500) and the women of China (350BC – AD600), from the roles they played in society to comparing their status to the status of a man in this era; a day in the life of a woman in these ancient times that was dominated by men.…
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Historically, the female life cycle in Hinduism has been different from that of males. In the classical, medieval and most of the modern periods, females have followed a three-stage pattern. Today, the roles of women in Hindu society are changing, as they are throughout the world. Increasingly, the life pattern of females resembles the stages of life for males.…
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The gender system of the Classical era in India is much like China. “In childhood a female must be subject to her father, in youth to her husband, when her lord is dead to her sons; a woman must never be independent.” (Strayer) The female in India could never be on her own, her father rules her life as a child, her husband as a wife and if she has male children, she is less than her children if the husband ever dies. She must never be vain, show her face or her body, and woman of India is less than a person because of these rules.…
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