In this experiment, t-pentyl chloride was synthesis by reacting concentrated hydrochloric acid using nucleophilic substitution sn1. In the substitution reaction the Hydrogen in HCl protonated the alcohol group in t-pentyl alcohol and turned it to a good leaving group (H2O). a tertiary carbon cation was formed. a nucleophilic attach of the negative Cl- attacked the carbon cation forming t-pentyl chloride [7].
As the reaction proceeded, extraction and distillation techniques were used to get a pure product of t-pentyl chloride. The percent yield of t- pyntyl chloride (30.92 % t-pentyl chloride) was calculated based on the actual and theoretical yield of t- pentyl chloride. Actual yield was the amount of t-pentyl chloride