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Türkiye Ekonomisi

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Türkiye Ekonomisi
Kararsız ve topal bir küresel dönüşüm sürecinde dünya konjonktürü: 2004, ekonomi ve siyaset

Yahya Sezai Tezel

1. Giriş

Dünya siyasi ve iktisadi tarihinin karmaşık ve kimilerine göre uluslararası iliksiler açısından esaslı değişikliklere gebe bir döneminden geçmekteyiz. Bolşevizmin Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ve Rusya’da çökmesinden sonra, askeri güç dağılımının yapısında, dünya tarihinde belki de hiç görülmemiş bir simetrisizlik ortaya çıktı. Bugün Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, dünya toplam askeri harcamalarının % 40 ile 50’sini yapmaktadır. Amerika’nın askeri harcamaları AB ülkelerinin toplamının iki katından fazladır.[1] Amerikalılar uzayda, havada, denizde, deniz altında ve karada tartışmasız savaş teknolojileri üstünlüğüne sahiptir. ABD, “kıymet-i harbiye”si olan ölçeklerde insan, silah ve materyal kaynağı, kısa süreler içinde, deniz aşırı uzak mesafelere kaydırarak dünyanın herhangi bir yerine müdahale etme imkânına sahip tek devlettir. ABD’nin bu askeri gücünün altında ciddi bir iktisadi zemin yatmaktadır. Son genişlemeden sonra AB’nin Gayri Safi Milli Hasılası ABD’ninkini geçse de, ABD hala dünyanın en büyük bütünleşik piyasasına sahiptir.

Amerika’nın siyasi kadroları bu asimetrik güç yoğunlaşmasının, elbetteki farkındadır. Sovyet askeri tehdidinin ortadan kalkması ve Çin’in iktisadi büyümesini, Amerikan, Japon ve Avrupa sermayesinin ve uluslararası kapitalist dünya piyasasının fırsatlarını kullanarak sağlama kararını almasından bu yana, Amerikan siyasi kadroları içinde bazı çevreler, ABD federal devletinin, isterse, dilediği “politika”yı, ciddi bir karşı koyma ile karşılaşmadan bütün dünyada uygulayabileceği, Amerika’nın gücünün buna yetebileceği, bunun bir “Amerikan siyasi iradesi” meselesi olduğu sanısına dayanan bir “dünya” içinde yaşamağa başlamışlardır. Bu görüş muhafazakarlar arasında özellikle revaçtadır. Ama muhafazakarları aşmaktadır. Çok sayıda Demokrat politikacı yada entelektüel de böyle bir “dünya” içinde yaşamaktadır. Bu bakış açısı, o

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