Synthesis of Cyclohexanol
Synthesis of Cyclohexanol
Author: Ahmed Ayyash
06/06/13
Introduction: In this experiment, cyclohexanol was prepared from an initial cyclohexene. However, this occurred over a number of steps, these are out lined below. 1. Cyclohexene + aqueous acid cyclohexyl cation
2. cyclohexyl cation + hydrogen sulphate + water protonated cyclohexanol + cyclohexyl hydrogen sulphate
3. cyclohexyl hydrogen sulphate protonated cyclohexanol + HSO4
4. protonated cyclohexanol + HSO4 ⇄ cyclohexanol + H3O+
Throughout the lab some terms may be used that may be unfamiliar. Here are a few definitions of commonly used terms:
Distillation: the evaporation and subsequent collection of a liquid by condensation as a means of purification
Extraction: To obtain from a substance by chemical or mechanical action, as by pressure, distillation, or evaporation.
Decanting: To pour off without disturbing the sediment. A number of different lab techniques were used throughout the lab, here is a simple explanation as to why they were performed. Shaking for example is a very commonly used method, this ensures that the substances are evenly distributed and can be all reacted by moving them around and allowing them to collide with one another. Anhydrous potassium carbonate was added had a dual function. Mainly, it was used to absorb the remaining water that could not extracted otherwise, and on the other hand it was to neutralize any remaining acid that was still in the mixture. Furthermore, when distilling, boiling chips were always used to provide an area where the escaping gas can originate from, thus preventing it from bubbling uncontrollably at the surface. Salt was added because it is more soluble than the organic compound, and so it is preferentially dissolved in the water, thus forcing the organic compound out of the aqueous phase, ultimately increasing its % yeild. Cold water was left to run through the condenser in order to cool the steam coming from
Author: Ahmed Ayyash
06/06/13
Introduction: In this experiment, cyclohexanol was prepared from an initial cyclohexene. However, this occurred over a number of steps, these are out lined below. 1. Cyclohexene + aqueous acid cyclohexyl cation
2. cyclohexyl cation + hydrogen sulphate + water protonated cyclohexanol + cyclohexyl hydrogen sulphate
3. cyclohexyl hydrogen sulphate protonated cyclohexanol + HSO4
4. protonated cyclohexanol + HSO4 ⇄ cyclohexanol + H3O+
Throughout the lab some terms may be used that may be unfamiliar. Here are a few definitions of commonly used terms:
Distillation: the evaporation and subsequent collection of a liquid by condensation as a means of purification
Extraction: To obtain from a substance by chemical or mechanical action, as by pressure, distillation, or evaporation.
Decanting: To pour off without disturbing the sediment. A number of different lab techniques were used throughout the lab, here is a simple explanation as to why they were performed. Shaking for example is a very commonly used method, this ensures that the substances are evenly distributed and can be all reacted by moving them around and allowing them to collide with one another. Anhydrous potassium carbonate was added had a dual function. Mainly, it was used to absorb the remaining water that could not extracted otherwise, and on the other hand it was to neutralize any remaining acid that was still in the mixture. Furthermore, when distilling, boiling chips were always used to provide an area where the escaping gas can originate from, thus preventing it from bubbling uncontrollably at the surface. Salt was added because it is more soluble than the organic compound, and so it is preferentially dissolved in the water, thus forcing the organic compound out of the aqueous phase, ultimately increasing its % yeild. Cold water was left to run through the condenser in order to cool the steam coming from
References: * Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOSH). Health effects of sulphuric acid, OSH Answers. * Laboratory manual for transition organic chemistry spring 2013, CHY 142, Department of chemistry and biology, Ryerson University. * http://www.thefreedictionary.com/decant * http://www.thefreedictionary.com/distillation * http://www.thefreedictionary.com/extract