Suspended Solid Experiment
EXPERIMENT 2: SUSPENDED SOLIDS
1.0 OBJECTIVE This objective of this experiment is to determine the quantity of suspended solids in polluted water samples.
2.0 INTRODUCTION Water quality is vitally important in our daily life. However, due to water pollution, the quality of water is questionable for safe usage. In order to determine water quality, one of the indicator and measurement that can be used is by suspended solids (SS). Suspended solids is one type of physical water-quality measurement. Suspended solids refer to small particles which remain in suspension in water as a colloid or due to the motion of the water, with sizes larger than 0.01mm. Suspended solids may consist of organic particles such as vegetation fibres, alga, bacteria and micro-organisms and non-organic suspended solids such as clay, silt and other soil materials.
Wastewater is water that has been affected in quality by human activities on the environment such as liquid discharged from industry, domestic residences, commercial and others. In wastewater, materials other than water are considered as solid. The definition for solid is the residue of water evaporation from 103ºC (slightly more than boiling point). Solids can be classified into dissolved solids and suspended solid. Suspended solid can be obtained from filtration method. Solid that remains on the filter paper after drying at 103ºC is suspended solid. Concentration of the suspended solid can be calculated as below: Concentration of suspended solid =
( A B) 1000 Volume of sample (mL)
A = weight of suspended solid + filter paper (mg) B = weight of filter paper (mg)
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3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
When there is no adequate water sources to meet needs of a community, it is necessary to use surface water to meet the community water needs. Surface waters require more treatment than groundwater. Part of the problems lies in the fact that no two surface waters have exactly the same chemical and microbial characteristics. Even two surface
1.0 OBJECTIVE This objective of this experiment is to determine the quantity of suspended solids in polluted water samples.
2.0 INTRODUCTION Water quality is vitally important in our daily life. However, due to water pollution, the quality of water is questionable for safe usage. In order to determine water quality, one of the indicator and measurement that can be used is by suspended solids (SS). Suspended solids is one type of physical water-quality measurement. Suspended solids refer to small particles which remain in suspension in water as a colloid or due to the motion of the water, with sizes larger than 0.01mm. Suspended solids may consist of organic particles such as vegetation fibres, alga, bacteria and micro-organisms and non-organic suspended solids such as clay, silt and other soil materials.
Wastewater is water that has been affected in quality by human activities on the environment such as liquid discharged from industry, domestic residences, commercial and others. In wastewater, materials other than water are considered as solid. The definition for solid is the residue of water evaporation from 103ºC (slightly more than boiling point). Solids can be classified into dissolved solids and suspended solid. Suspended solid can be obtained from filtration method. Solid that remains on the filter paper after drying at 103ºC is suspended solid. Concentration of the suspended solid can be calculated as below: Concentration of suspended solid =
( A B) 1000 Volume of sample (mL)
A = weight of suspended solid + filter paper (mg) B = weight of filter paper (mg)
1
3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
When there is no adequate water sources to meet needs of a community, it is necessary to use surface water to meet the community water needs. Surface waters require more treatment than groundwater. Part of the problems lies in the fact that no two surface waters have exactly the same chemical and microbial characteristics. Even two surface
References: [1] J.R. Backhurst, J.F. Richardson, J.H. Harker. 2001. Chemical Engineering: Solutions to the Problems in Volume 1 (Coulson and Richardsons Chemical Engineering). Butterworth-Heinemann: pg68. [2] Jo Allan Beran. 2010. Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons: pg61. [3] Srinivasan. 2009. Environmental Engineering. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.: pg29. [4] Sherwood C. Reed, Ronald W. Crites, E. Joe Middlebrooks. 1998. Natural Systems for Waste Management and Treatment. McGraw-Hill Professional: pg62 [5] Mackenzine L. Davis and David A. Cornwell. 2008. Introduction to Environmental Engineering, 4th edition. Mc Graw Hill: pg 357, 391-400. [6] Citing internet sources: Retrieved on 17 October 2011: http://www.waterresearch.net/watrqualindex/index.htm 17