Preview

Summary Of The Harvest Of Sorrow By Robert Conquest

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
645 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Summary Of The Harvest Of Sorrow By Robert Conquest
British professor and historian Robert Conquest also brings his view on the topic in his book The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-famine published in 1986. Conquest has written many books on the Soviet Union and was in fact an open communist in England up until the Second World War started. His thesis is that the famine was purposeful and thus constitutes genocide. He says that Stalin wanted to subdue Ukrainian nationalism, and the way Stalin believed to do that was to kill the Ukrainian peasants, especially the Kulaks, and that the famine was meant to kill them. Conquest in his work on the famine brings multiple sources and interpretations of them. He uses some censuses, specifically the one from 1937 which he says shows the major difference in population in the Ukraine area in the years beforehand …show more content…
Conquest also uses some Soviet studies from the 1960s that have some facts about the famine, and he uses articles from some newspapers that were written at this time (161). Conquest also uses many different personal accounts from people, mostly, accounts from anti-Soviets in Ukraine at the time (174), eyewitness accounts from people who fled the USSR (249), and interviews from the Harvard Research Interview Project. These accounts and interviews Conquest uses to thoroughly describe many of the atrocities of the famine and what the Soviets did to the peasants of Ukraine. They depict how high the quotas were set, how the Soviets came in and took any extra food mercilessly, how they killed anyone who opposed them, and vivid stories of people starving on the streets (287). They also

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Stalin Dbq Research Paper

    • 567 Words
    • 3 Pages

    There were several reasons. Stalin sought to reorganize the Soviet Union via his Five Year Plans, which called for a radical industrialization as well as collectivisation to increase agricultural production and efficiency. This increased agricultural output was necessary to support the rapid industrialization he espoused; how else could the workers be fed? Many peasants who had been awarded or taken their land...to liquidating the kulaks as a class" (Document 5.3 Collectivisation 181). Millions were sent to labor camps, deported and died. The impossible demands made on the peasant farmers of increased production, only to turn everything over to the state, resulted in peasants that remained on the land at first hiding, then burning their crops/killing their animals rather than give them up "Stock was slaughtered every night..." (History in Quotations #5). An infuriated Stalin sent industrial workers into the country to show the peasants 'Bolshevik firmness' "without any rotten liberalism...[or] bourgeois humanitarianism...[and with]extreme measures" to get the grain. (Document 5.4 Horror in the Village…

    • 567 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Today the New York Review of Books comments on social change: the roads are clogged with "retired farmers" who "leave for Florida in their fancy campers." John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath records an earlier time, depression days of Dust Bowl farmers, their farms blown away, heading in jalopies for California's golden groves. If modern America has any idea of Okies and hard times, it is largely due to Steinbeck's greatest work.…

    • 1702 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Joesph Stalin Biography

    • 1499 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Argument: The world did not react to the Stain’s Forced Famine genocide of 1932-1933, but they should have intervened and forced Stalin to feed the people of the Ukraine, because they need to make Stalin realize that it’s not acceptable to starve his people.…

    • 1499 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Lenin’s NEP and Stalin’s Five Year plans were similar in that they both were devised in attempt to better the economy in Russia, they both were based on the benefit from agriculture since Russia had a lot of farms, they both were supposed to better the lives of the people, and they relied on the peasant. They were different in that the NEP was a form of capitalism in which private property was allow, that the peasants had a reasonable quota to meet and could sell their surplus themselves, small business were successful, and it increased the standard of living of the peasants and works. The Five Year plans took away private property, began collectivization of farm, set unreasonably high quotas that were impossible to meet, decreased the standard of living of peasants, resulted in strikes and revolts of farmers, and industrialized Russia. The one that was more successful was the NEP because the economy prospered and reached pre- World War I levels. There was success for the small business and since peasants could sell their surplus, not as many people were starving. Unlike under Stalin’s Five Year plans, there was not much of a shortage of food for the people. The standard of living for the workers were higher under the NEP. The societal costs to achieve quotas under Stalin were that it made the standard of living for the workers worse since the unrealistic quotas were set that the peasants could not meet. There was food shortages and Stalin did not care enough to do something about. Even when his wife brought to up to him, he completely ignored it. Peasants opposed the collectivization and burned their crops as a response. In the Ukraine, as a result of the quotas, there was a man-made famine in 1932 to 1933. Millions of people dies under the 5 Year plans. Additionally, workers could only buy 60 percent of what they did in 1913 because consumption had to be decreased in order to pay for…

    • 1760 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The money that was received from the wheat that was being sold to other countries went towards Stalin’s Five Year Plan to modernize the Soviet Union and to help finance his military. It was estimated that Stalin sold enough wheat to feed all of Ukraine for two years (“Stalin’s Forced Famine”). They had so much excess grain that they would even dump some into the sea or let it rot right in front of the Ukrainian people’s eyes (Perloff). The Soviet Union then closed off all borders so that nobody in Ukraine could get anything in or out of the country. Anyone that got caught with food could be shot on the spot or get put in prison. Starvation started to spread throughout the country and the effects of malnutrition started taking its toll on the Ukrainian people. The Soviet Army dug deep holes where they would throw all the dead bodies that were lying around on the street. People started to cook any animals they could find, whether it was a cat, dog, or bird. They even had to resort to cannibalism (“Stalin’s Forced Famine”). Some people wanted to get the agony over with so they would commit suicide if they had the strength to do it. Others would lay out on the street, too weak to even talk, and just wait until there body was reduced to just skin and bones (Perloff). At the height of the famine, they projected that about 25,000 people died every day and around 7,000,000 died…

    • 1092 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    particularly, there has been a great deal of suffering and death on its territory. During the Stalin era in the 1930s, forced collectivisation of agriculture is widely accepted to have led to the death of millions in the Soviet Union, mainly Ukrainian peasant farmers. The famine was largely man-made, although the episode remains controversial. In 2006 (under the West-leaning Viktor Yushchenko) the government of Ukraine passed a law recognizing the disaster as genocide against the Ukrainian people.…

    • 993 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    One of the short-term impacts of collectivisation on soviet society was the famine, which killed millions in the major grain producing areas of the soviet union. By the end of 1933, millions of people had starved to death or had otherwise died unnaturally in Ukraine, as well as in other Soviet republics. The total estimate of the famine victims Soviet-wide is given as 6-7 million or 6-8 million. This is supported by the US Commission: “If they came upon a smelly old potato , they would clean it and take the starchy residue…It was terrible, absolutely terrible, they’d spot some small creature in the water, like a turtle and eat it as food …people were reduced to this state.” The source does have a lot of weight as it is an interview with someone who was there at the time, it’s an eyewitness account and it’s by people who weren’t involved in the communist regime and wouldn’t have any reasons to lie. However, this was conducted 50 years after the famine, which means that memories may be slightly distorted or over exaggerated if they have a hatred for the soviet regime. Generally, this account tends to match many others of the famine which leads us to believe it is true, for example this is also supported by Iaryna Larionivna Tiutiunyk: “He dropped by beginning – Auntie, give me a piece of bread. I did not give any because I was mad at him for eating the greens I had planted in the garden. To the day I die, I will not forgive myself for begrudging the child a piece of bread. In the evening, on our way home from work, we found sitting right in the middle of the footpath-dead.” This source also has a lot of weight as it…

    • 1904 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The USSR (The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was found in 1922 by Vladimir Lenin. The USSR was shortly taken over by Joseph Stalin, which lasted from the 1920’s to the 1953.(DeSomma, 12) During the time of Stalin’s ruling the NKVD (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs), a secret police force, murdered many soviet citizens and jailed many others to Gulags. Gulags were forced labor camps that people were sent to if they were seen dangerous to the union. The Soviet then destroyed all owned farms to be replaced by state owned farms, this caused the Holomodor (1932- 1933). The Holomodor was a man made famine that killed 5 to 7 million peasants. The Great Purges (1937- 1938) were Stalin's attempt to remove any threats to the communist party continuance. Many people were killed or imprisoned each year. Numerous massacres occurred like the Vinnytsia Massacres, the Katyn Forest Massacre, and The Medvedev Forest Massacre. (Pierpaoli,1)…

    • 549 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Lenin’s famine of the year 1921-22 occurred in Russia and is also referred to as the Poyolzhye famine. An estimated five million people lost their lives as a consequence of the famine which barely lasted for a period of two years. The main reasons that resulted in the famine were due to the economic turbulence experienced as a result of the First World War and also the Russian Revolution. As a result of the famine, several internal revolutions were recorded and this necessitated Lenin to change the law to allow peasants to grow their own food and also allow for international aid to stream into the country. Secret documents retrieved from archives indicate that the famine was used politically as a means against the…

    • 332 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    However this was not the case, between 1928 and 1934 there was a fall in the production of grain from 73.3 million tonnes to 67.6 million tonnes. With a fall in agricultural production and with the state collecting produce, it was inevitable for there to be a knock on effect on the quantity of food available for areas in the Soviet Union. ''There are hundreds of people bloated with hunger. I don't know how many die every day. Many are so weak that they no longer come out of their houses... We've eaten everything we could lay hands on...The trees have been stripped of their bark and the horse manure has been eaten. We fight over it.'' [V. Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom, 1947]. The author, Kravchenko, became a senior Communist Party official. This strengthens the evidence from the source because as a communist official he would not be likely to be against the idea of collectivisation but still admits there food shortages that followed. The source shows the extremes people would go to in order to survive from starvation which emphasizes the severity of the famine, however 1947 was long after collectivisation was introduced therefore there could be other factors which affected the levels of food in…

    • 1539 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    We must remember to not brush over the negative aspects. First, Stalin developed his system of collective farming which combined once privately owned forms into large farms operated by the government. This put an end to individual profit and also an end to personal interest since the government had control of everything, As Stalin proclaimed in Document 4, he saids that with his new system, the state must come first, individuals second. Not only were the individuals of Russia undermined, they were tortured, executed or exiled if they dared oppose Stalin’s policies. Continuing with the system of collective farming, kulaks, rich farmers disliked Stalin’s system and openly resisted. Stalin immediately determined that the kulaks were a problem in his reign and that they must be eliminated. The kulaks were deported to forced labor camps or to Siberia. Stalin also used a forced famine in Ukraine to torture and control his people as stated in document 7. In addition, in order to control his population of people and provide positive views of himself, many posters such as the one shown in document 10 were shown to the public for that Stalin could gain liking. in addition, Stalin went as far as to use false trials to create and instill fear in his people. The accounts of the French ambassador as depicted the atrocities of such…

    • 530 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Stalin came up with the Five-Year Plan; it was put in place to establish objectives for the production and organization to enable the progression of the economy. One of his main goals was collectivization, a policy that forced the consolidation of peasant households onto farms to work and live in order to increase production of agriculture. Many peasant farmers resisted and they were persecuted and if they resisted all their wheat were confiscated. This left thousands of people starving and it resulted in a famine on his own citizens. By 1938 ninety percent of the people had been collectivized and industrial production rose over four hundred percent. Accordingly, other nations were captivated but the Soviet Union was undergoing the worst depression in history. During this time one-third of the Ukraine population starved to death; in fact, over seven million people died because of…

    • 480 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    He recognized that the government could use collectivization to control peasant populations. When the international community began to notice the crisis within the USSR, outside NGOs and governments offered food aid to the starving Ukrainian peasants. Rather than graciously accept the offer, the Soviet government denied any existence of a famine and made no effort to stop or mitigate the millions of deaths. In addition to controlling the peasants, Stalin made efforts to keep the ruling class in check. Stalin felt compelled to rule secretly and sought advice from only a few members of his inner circle. He would know about all acts of repression and many “were done on his direct instructions”. The leader of the CPSU, Nikolai Yezhov, sent Stalin lists of those he considered should be purged. Stalin would make additions or detractions from the list and intimately micromanage punishments. On a few occasions, Stalin was even reported to have interrogated a few prisoners himself. Although, Lenin used purges occasionally to protect his power, never were such programs engaged on this scale. One prominent political scientist defined Stalinism as being, “excess, extraordinary extremism”. Through his policies, Stalin cultivated a culture of paranoia and distrust. He and his lieutenants would consistently encourage regular party members to indict comrades they suspected of…

    • 792 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Ukrainian Genocide

    • 662 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Joseph Stalin specifically started the famine and targeted Ukrainian farmers to remove them from society in order to quell feelings of nationalism and uprising in the country. The Kulak farmers made up the majority of the population and so Stalin targeted the Kulak class of farmers because he “believed any future uprising would be led by the Kulaks, who were pro-Tsarist and anti-Soviet, thus he implemented policies intended to eliminate the Kulaks as a class of Ukrainian farmers” (Krawczewski). The Kulaks did not support Stalin’s government and so he viewed that class of farmers as a threat. All of Stalin’s actions against Ukraine (the arrests, deportations, and collectivization policies) specifically targeted the private farmers in order to prevent uprisings against him. Therefore, the genocide was thought out and brutally planned with one goal in mind, submission of the country. Later, the famine affected many more rural farmers as it was created solely to punish the Ukrainian people. Stalin did not just merrily order the country to export tons of grain, he ensured that the people would starve to death in the processes. In order to create the famine, the “Soviet Union increased production quotas that were impossible to meet, cut rations to those still in Ukraine, and coordinated food seizures in Ukrainian villages. This resulted in widespread malnutrition and starvation” (Krawczewski). The Soviet Union purposely increased the productions quotas for the country and slowly wiped out all other existing food supplies. The resulting starvation from this purposeful famine was meticulously and cruelly thought out. Ukraine ended up exporting huge amounts of grain even as the people farming it were starving. Even though there was a surplus amount, all the grain was taken away from the Ukrainian people. Certainly, the specific targeting of the farming…

    • 662 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    When Marx says over production causes famine he is referring to the economic/ business cycle. This is a theory which had been confirmed by the ‘the panic of 1825’a stock market crash that started in the Bank of England arising in part out of speculative investments in Latin America, including the imaginary country of Poyais.(1) This is how it works:…

    • 914 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays