In her charge with EEOC she claimed "I have been discriminated against because of my sex, female and retaliated against for complaining of discrimination in violation of Title VII section 704(a) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as amended." (EEOC)…
I also agree that intersectionality have a huge influence in the struggles that Laverne Coz is facing right now. In her speech, she listed some of her multiple identities such as being born as African American transgender woman, comes from a working class background, and raised by a single mother. All these identities intersect with one another causing discriminations. In her speech, she points out the obstacle that the transgender are facing in the community. Also in regards to the definition of a woman provided by Sojourner Truth and Simone de Beauvior, Laverne Coz has her own definition of what is a woman. She became a woman not because she was born as one, but because she chose to be one. She made into a woman not in reference…
Given this definition of Reproductive Justice as well as the amount of influence that intersectionality and intersectional analysis has had on feminist scholars, it is no secret as to why recent generations of women are much more understanding and accepting of this intersectional analysis and approach to women’s reproductive rights and, quite frankly, overall women’s rights. However, what really struck me from Ross’ reading was the fact that some supporters of the pro-choice movement, especially white women and older feminists, have actually found it insulting and offensive for us to say that “pro-choice” is not inclusive of all women in regards to their race, class, and sexuality to name a few. As was explained in the reading, these white women and older feminists take offense that even though they were the ones fighting to give women the right to choose, we…
Nancy G. Isenberg is an American historian, and the T. Harry Williams Professor of history at Louisiana State University. She graduated from Rutgers University, and University of Wisconsin. One of her other most famous works is Fallen Founder: The Life of Aron Burr which won the Oklahoma Book Award for best book in nonfiction. White Trash: The 400 Year Untold History of Class in America…
| Susan appeals to emotion when she says “…this government is… a hateful oligarchy of sex…” and also when she suggests that discriminating against women is equal to segregation with the Negroes.…
In Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore's book Gender & Jim Crow, Gilmore illustrates the relations between African Americans and white in North Caroline from 1896 to 1920, as well as relations between the men and women of the time. She looks at the influences each group had on the Progressive Era, both politically and socially. Gilmore's arguments concern African American male political participation, middle-class New South men, and African American female political influences. The book follows a narrative progression of African American progress and relapse.…
Although she emerged from a privileged family, this was unable to protect her from “the raced and gendered discrimination she faced while participating in movements in which race and racial equality were framed as male and in which sexual equality was framed as white” (Cali 33). These sexist and racist ideas prevented her to gain rights as the system in place refused equality to black women. Though her family, activist and professional relationships helped her to become a educator, newspaper editor and activist, “none of this privilege translated to her protection from the raced and gendered hegemony that governed public opinion and ideology in the mid-nineteenth-century” (Cali 34). Shadd Cary took extensive risks in order to overcome this ideology, as women in this time were not supposed to stray from social…
“No task is more urgent for racial justice advocates today than ensuring that America’s current racial caste system is its last.” – Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow In The New Jim Crow, Michelle Alexander (2010) describes an American paradigm that encourages pervasive racial injustices that are beyond average comprehension. In particular, the “New Jim Crow” is a system that predicates current racial differences on past social constructs that relate and date back to slavery and the Civil Rights Movement. The mass incarceration of black men in America is not the result of a propensity to commit or an affinity for drugs and crime, according to Alexander.…
Crenshaw, K. (1989), Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics and Violence against Women of Colour, Stanford Law Review: Vol. 43 No.6: pp. 1241-1249.…
The Combahee River Collective was a black feminist Lesbian organization that produced “A Black Feminist Statement” in 1977. In their “What We Believe” proclamation, they addressed the difficulty with hegemonic white woman’s view of feminism and the marginalization involved with it. The proclamation stated, “we have in many ways gone beyond white women’s revelations because we are dealing with the implications of race and class as well as sex” (Kirk, 28). The issues of gender equality are relative to the upbringing and lively hood of those oppressed in certain environments. Women of color, thus, feel as if the civil rights movement and the movement led by white feminists is too limited for them. Black women are frequently absent from analyses of either gender oppression or racism because of their position in society, since the former focuses primarily on the experiences of white women and the latter on black men. There is a large grey area between both feminist and antiracist theory and practice that neglect to accurately reflect the interaction of race and gender, which leads to the marginalization of all non-white…
When thinking about the complexities of colored and poor women`s identity and Truth`s argument, many questions arise. Can those who did not actually do the work of “men” effectively use that argument to demand for equal rights? In African American Women`s History and the Metalanguage of Race, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham writes on how race was used to justify the rubric of woman. She writes “Black women failed to receive as a pretense of protection, so widely accepted was the belief that the spread of the disease was inevitable because black women were promiscuous by nature.” In this excerpt, Higginbotham writes about the belief that certain sexually transmitted diseases were spreading among the black community because black women were promiscuous.…
She titles the book “Women of Color”, but focuses on the struggles of black women, Hispanic women, and poor women. Poor women could be white. I believe hers is more of story about the struggle of lower-class women and reproductive rights than just women of color, so perchance she could have titled the book in a way that referenced more about economic status than race. I know that it was mostly women of color that were targeted for forced sterilization, but the focus was on their race and economic status, not just race alone. I also believe that the author allowed her biases to slip through, especially when it came to making assumptions and statements in her conclusion. This, to me, affected how valid some of her smaller arguments…
The snowman Jem creates in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, is a mixed-race snowman that helps to express the message that racism overpowers equality in the community of Maycomb. One example relating to the snowman that displays fairness is the instance when Scout is showing her confusion to Jem about the snowman having a black surface rather than a white surface. Scout says knowingly to Jem, “‘Jem, I ain’t ever heard of a nigger snowman,’ I said. ‘He won’t be black long,’ he grunted” (75). Scout, being the adolescent that she is, explains her confusion when the snowman doesn’t look like the majority of the residents. This quotation demonstrates that a darker skin tone is not well-known in Maycomb suggesting prejudice…
The word oppression still exists in the everyday lives of women but has changed its tyrannical implications, meaning there is no dictator to influence or force negative actions toward women gender. According to Iris Young, the author of the chapter Five Faces of Oppression, the word oppression has come to represent communities and individuals that are being discriminated by the way society is structured, rather than a single leader oppression. Most people do not think women are subjected to discrimination but it still exists, yet women individually have proven that they are able to overcome it.…
“Don’t separate us, we are all equal” minority feminists often hear that sentence from white feminists, but are we equal? Can we compare a black feminist who works two jobs to support her family, to a financially stable white feminist? Is feminism one size fits all? In a perfect world, it is. However, our world is far from perfect, and this is where the term intersectionality emerges.…