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220_002 #04

FOOD & BEVERAGE A P P L I C AT I O N N O T E
Page : 1

CARBOHYDRATES IN FOOD

THE FINEST LC-EC APPLICATIONS FOR FOOD & BEVERAGE ANALYSIS EVER PROCESSED

INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates not only provide the most easily accessible energy source for our body, they also play an important role in many physiological processes. They are involved in intercellular recognition, infection processes, and certain types of cancer. Carbohydrates analysis is of interest to the food industry but also many fields in life sciences. Analytes of interest include simple mono- or disaccharides (such as glucose and sucrose), oligosaccharides (Maltodextrin), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose) and glycoproteins.

• • • •

Carbohydrates in food & life sciences Pulsed Amperometric Detection Robust & reproducible Analysis Flexcell with exchangeable working electrode

Bisphenol A Catechins Flavonoids and phenols Phenols Antioxidants

Summary

Polyphenols Resveratrol Epicatechin Quercetin other polyphenols

The ALEXYS Carbohydrates Analyzer is a dedicated LC solution for the analysis of sugars and oligosaccharides in a variety of samples.

Carbohydrates Iodide Vitamins A, C, D, E, and K Q10 ubiquinols

Fig. 1. ALEXYS Carbohydrates Analyzer.

Antec Leyden B.V. - Industrieweg 12 - 2382 NV - Zoeterwoude - The Netherlands - info@myantec.com - www.myantec.com Antec (USA) - P.O. Box 111418 - Palm Bay FL 32911 - USA - info.usa@myantec.com - www.myantec.com

220_002 #04

Carbohydrates in Food

Page : 2 Page : 2/8

ing in an increase in analyte retention. If the pH > pKa (full disso-

Method
Under alkaline conditions (pH > 12) carbohydrates can be separated by means of Anion-Exchange Chromatography. Carbohydrates are weak acids with pKa values ranging between 12 and 14. At high pH they will be either completely or partially ionised depending on their pKa value. Due to the extreme alkaline conditions only polymeric anionexchange columns are suitable for


References: 1. D.C. Johnson, D. Dobberpuhl, R. Roberts, P. Vandeberg, Review: Pulsed amperometric detection of carbohydrates, amines and sulfur species in ion chromatography- the current state of research, J. Chromatogr., 640, 79-96 (1993) 2. D.C. Johnson, W.R. LaCourse, LC with pulsed ECD at gold and platinum, Anal. Chem., 62, 589A – 597 A (1990) 3. J.D. Olechno, S.R. Carter, W.T. Edwards, D.G. Gillen, Developments in the chromatographic determination of carbo hydrates, Am. Biotech. Lab., 5, 38 - 50 (1987) 4. W.R. LaCourse, D.C. Johnson, Optimization of waveforms for pulsed amperometric detection of carbohydrates based on pulsed voltammetry, Anal. Chem., 65, 50 – 55 (1993) 5. W.R. LaCourse, D.C. Johnson, Optimization of waveforms for pulsed amperometric detection of carbohydrates following separation by LC, Carbohydrate Research, 215, 159 – 178 (1991) 6. W.R. LaCourse, Pulsed Electrochemical Detection in High Performance Liquid Chromatography., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1ed,1997. Adontiol Sorbitol Mannitol Galactosamine Fucose Glucosamine Arabinose Galactose Glucose Mannose Xylose Sorbose Fructose Sucrose Melibiose Ribose Lactose Raffinose Stachinose Rhamnose Cellobiose Maltose PART NUMBERS AND CONFIGURATIONS 180.0054A 250.1080 250.1082 ALEXYS Carbohydrates Analyzer ALC-525 column, 250x4.6mm, 7um ALC guard column starter kit Maltotriose Antec Leyden B.V. - Industrieweg 12 - 2382 NV - Zoeterwoude - The Netherlands - info@myantec.com - www.myantec.com Antec (USA) - P.O. Box 111418 - Palm Bay FL 32911 - USA - info.usa@myantec.com - www.myantec.com
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