Structural Insertions In Chromosomes

As explained on the previous page structural variations in the genome has many effects and there are many different types of structural variations. Copy number variations is a big category of different structural variation types,such as Insertions and deletions, which are genomic imbalances. There are also inversions and translocations.These structural variations are the cause of a vast range of genetic disorders. Insertions are the addition of a sequence of one or more nucleotides between two adjacent nucleotides. They range in size from small, one base pair to large, a section of a chromosome.When a section of a chromosome is entered into another chromosome insertions can occur due to unequal crossover in meiosis. There are two types of insertions, an P nucleotide insertion and a N region addition. An insertion in an F8 gene can cause haemophilia A.Haemophilia is an x linked bleeding disorder in humans that is caused by muatations in the F8 gene. Deletions too cause a mutuation which result in this disease.
It occurs when a sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication. Similar to insertions it can be small or a large. A single base can be lost or a full chromosome. This can occur because of mishaps of crossing over in meosis.Deletions are cause of some serious genetic diseases. There are three types of deletions.a microdeletion is a small deletion. Interstitial deletions occur in the interior of a chromosome. Terminal deletions occur at the end of a chromosome. Smaller deletions are not as dangerous as larger ones. Microdeletions are more common in children causing physical abnormalities. An example of a terminal deletion is the removal of the short arm of chromosome 5. This causes a disese called chri du chat syndrome. This syndrome occurs in newborns and has many symptoms such as a high pitched cry, slow growth, small