Strangles Research Paper

The fifth animal disease that is being discussed is an infectious equine virus call Streptococcus equi also known as strangles. Strangles is equine distemper which is a contagious upper respiratory tract infection seen in horses, donkeys and mules. This infection is caused by a bacterium called Streptococcus equi and is zootic in domesticated horses worldwide. It is a gram positive bacteria, capsulated β-hemolytic Lancefield group C coccus, which is an obligate parasite and a primary pathogen. The disease is spread when the nasal discharge or material from a draining abscess contaminates pastures, barns, feed troughs, and stables. This infection can be contracted at any age but is mostly seen in younger or elderly equines. This is common
Next rectal temperature of all horses exposed to strangles should be obtained twice daily, and horses developing fever should be then isolated. An isolation period of 4-6 weeks is usually necessary to ensure that the disease is not still incubating before ending the isolation. Disinfection of the stalls, water buckets, feed troughs, and other equipment will help prevent the spread of strangles also. Strangles can produce post exposure immunity after the disease in most horses, and protection is associated with local production of antibody against the antiphagocytic M protein. The clinical attack rate of strangles is reduced by 50% in horses vaccinated with IM products that do not induce mucosal immunity. Local production of antibody requires an intranasal vaccine containing a live attenuated strain of S equi equi. The sixth disease being discussed is caused by a parasite called fasciola hepatica. Fasciola hepatica also known as common liver fluke is a parasitic organism that affects the liver in a wide spectrum of host. Infections are seen in people, cattle, sheep, alpacas, and