Neuropsychologist created a Memory Interference Test (MIT) that uses a series of different examinations
Neuropsychologist created a Memory Interference Test (MIT) that uses a series of different examinations
Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that is a psychoactive stimulant drug. Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the beans, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants. It is most commonly consumed by humans in infusions extracted from the cherries of the coffee plant and the leaves of the tea bush, as well as from various foods and drinks containing products derived from the kola nut. In humans, caffeine has a stimulant effect, causing increased amounts of stimulatory neurotransmitters to be released. If the consumption of caffeine is…
Trace the history of cocaine use from the ancient Inca to the present. Know the legal controls…
Non-stimulants include Strattera, Clonidine, and Intuniv. Non-stimulants affect the brain differently than stimulants. Though these drugs affect neurotransmitters and they don’t increase dopamine levels. It also generally takes longer to see results. They might be used when stimulants prove unsafe, ineffective, or for a person who wants to avoid side effects of stimulants. Common side effects of Non-stimulants include a few of the same side effects listed for the Stimulants, but with additional effects too. Sleep problems, anxiety, fatigue, upset stomach, dizziness and dry mouth. Strattera has one of its own though, with the inclusion of the potential for suicidal thoughts.…
In this essay, I will evaluate the logic of Tan-Li Hsu’s argument, considering whether the support for her thesis is appropriate, believable and consistent, and complete. While Hsu’s argument is logical and well supported but it lacks a brighter side to caffeine when used in moderation. Hsu’s neglects to consider that the marketing of these caffeine filled drinks are not generally marketed to teenagers but to college students who would need that extra boost to finish a paper or that class project.…
The stimulant effect of coffee comes from the way it acts on the adenosine receptors in the neural membrane. When adenosine binds to receptors, neural activity slows down, making you feel tired. Caffeine acts as an adenosine-receptor agonist, this means that it binds to the same receptors, but without causing slowed neural activity. The…
even caffeine. As many as 20 percent of college students have used Ritalin or Adderall to study, write…
Caffeine can be consumed through coffee, tea, energy drinks, or caffeine supplements. Regardless of the form in which it is taken, caffeine has some effect on cognition. For example, a study conducted by Warburton (1995) found that caffeine intake results in increased alertness, concentration, and memory. Admittedly, there are parallels between the effects of caffeine and study drugs in relation to improved academic performance. It is understandable why critics present this argument because if both are influencing cognitive abilities to a certain extent, then both should be treated equally. However, a line must be drawn. On the surface, the effects of caffeine and ADHD/ADD medications may seem similar, but on a neurological level, the differences are significant. As previously mentioned, study drugs bind to dopamine and epinephrine receptors whereas caffeine binds to adenosine receptors (Doyle et al, 2010). This can influence how long the effect of the stimulants will impact the body. For example, the effects of caffeine can last up to six hours (University Health Service. (n.d.)) in the body whereas Adderall can last up to 12 hours in the body (Brams, Moon Pucci & López, 2010). The differences are significant and it is too far-fetched for the two to be compared. A stimulant that is in the morning cup of coffee or tea should not be compared to medications that are legally prescribed to patients with neurobehavioural…
The experiment aimed to establish a correlation between caffeine intake and the effects it has on both the pulse and respiration rates of an individual after undergoing moderate-intense cardiovascular exercise. Caffeine itself is one of the most heavily consumed drugs on the planet; it is estimated that over 90% of Americans consume caffeine daily (Richard Lovett, 2005, New Scientist iss. 2518) and is the most widely used stimulant in the world (Arcerio, P, Ormsbee, J, 2009, pg. 1). Caffeine stimulates the brain and behaviour, whilst enhances performance at simple intellectual tasks and at physical work that involves endurance (Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation, 1991). Coffee is one of the most commonly digested sources of caffeine, and approximately 6g of coffee will contain 180mg of caffeine (University of Sydney School of Biology, 2010). Many studies have taken place to try and examine the effects of caffeine on enhanced endurance for athletes, the study “Performance and metabolic responses to a high caffeine dose during prolonged exercise" (Graham, TE; Spriet, LL (1991) indicated that endurance levels in trained athletes increased by as much as 44% after ingestion of caffeine. This suggests that in our experiment we will perceive an increase in performance in our subjects over the duration and upon completion of the moderately-intense cardiovascular exercise, showing that caffeine will alter the mean change in pulse and respiration to a significant degree…
Study Drugs Study drugs are prescription pills like Adderall and Ritalin primarily used by students to enhance their performance and capability. They are being commonly used by college students, and they give rise to a variety of issues and concerns. The pills are highly popular throughout the country and are a solution to many college problems from the students’ point of view. Since the disadvantages of study drugs overweigh its advantages, they should not be used by college students because they pose various medical risks, they are being abused, and they are not manufactured for study purposes.…
DeSantis, A. D., Webb, E. M., & Noar, S. M. (2008, November). Illicit Use of Prescription ADHD Medications on a College Campus: A Multimethodological Approach. Journal of American College Health, 51(3), 315-325. Retrieved November 12, 2011, from EBSCOhost.…
McCabe, S. E., Knight, J. R., Teter, C. J., & Wechsler, H. (2005). Non-medical use of prescription stimulants among US college students: Prevalence and correlates from a national survey. Addiction, 100, 96–106.…
The use and abuse of stimulants such as amphetamines is largely growing among college-aged individuals. Full-time college students were twice as likely as their non-college counterparts to abuse Adderall nonmedically in the past year in a 6.3% for full-time college students and 3.0% for non-college counterparts. Additionally, almost 90.0% of full-time college students who used amphetamines in a non-medical manner during the past year were alcohol users, and over half were heavy alcohol users.…
Substance abuse over college students make up one of the largest groups of drug abusers nation wide. Daily drug abuse among college-aged young adults is at its highest since 1980. College students are abusing a number of prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs and illegal drugs, Adderall, alcohol, OxyContin, and medical marijuana. Substance abuse is defined as a pattern of drug use leading to significant problems or distress.…
Stimulant drugs have many side effects such as having increased confidence, mood elevation, sense of energy and alertness, decreased appetite, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, transient drowsiness and even delayed orgasm. An example of a Stimulant drug is Cocaine. Cocaine is inhaled or what some people would call, “snorted”, through the nose, smoked, or injected directly into the blood stream with a needle in the vein. It is rapidly absorbed into the body and takes effect almost immediately. When one uses cocaine, it produces feelings of deep psychological well being, increase in confidence, and alertness. Cocaine produces this “high” through the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is one of the chemicals that are related to ordinary…
Caffeine is the most widely used drug in the world and its usage results in dependency among many users. There are benefits to caffeine as it may have positive effects on learning, but there are also negative effects on physical health. It is well known that many college students ingest caffeine prior to studying, writing papers, and taking exams. Caffeine is known to increase alertness, improve mood, and enhance cognitive performance. Increased alertness and concentration allows for easier retention and understanding of material, and can result in increased academic success. This information leads a person to wonder, is academic performance related to amount of caffeine consumption?…