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Sociologija

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Sociologija
I Šta je sociologija?
Sociologija proučava društveni život čoveka, grupe i društva. Njen predmet proučavanja je naše sopstveno ponašanje kao društvenih bića.
Bavljenje sociologijom zaivisi od sociološke imaginacije (Rajt Mils).
Sociološka imaginacija omogućava nam da shvatimo kako su mnogi događaji koji se naizgled tiču samo pojedinca (razvod, nezaposlenost), zapravo, odraz mnogo širih fenomena.
Niko nije određen društvenim kontekstima, već svako stvara i sopstvenu individualnost – predmet sociologije je da istražuje veze između toga šta društvo čini od nas i šta mi činimo sami sa sobom.
Naša delanja daju strukturu društvenom svetu oko nas, ali i društveni svet strukturiše naša delanja.
U sociologiji je značajan koncept društvene strukture: društveni konteksti našeg života ispoljavaju se kroz strukture ili obrasce; nisu nasumični izbori događaja ili postupaka.
Ljudska društva se stalno nalaze u procesu strukturiranja.
Kako sociologija utiče naše živote:
- omogućava nam da posmatramo društveni svet iz drugačijih uglova (belac u crnačkoj zajednici)
- pruža nam praktičnu pomoć u vrednovanju rezultata inicijativa socijalne politike (stambeni blokovi posle II svetskog rata)
- omogućuje nam samoprosvećenost – bolje razumevanje našega „ja” – tako smo u stanju da bolje utičemo na svoju budućnost.
Razvoj sociološke misli
Rani teoretičari
Počeci objektivnog i sistematskog proučavanja ljudskog ponašanja i društva javljaju se u drugoj polovini 18. veka.
U tom pogledu ključno je bilo korišćenje nauke da bi se razumeo svet oko nas - naučni pristup doveo je do radikalnih promena u našem pogledu na svet i u njegovom razumevanju. U raznim oblastima, tradicionalna i religijski zasnovana objašnjenja bila su zamenjena racionalnim i kritičkim pristupima u sticanju znanja.
Podlogu za nastanak sociologije omogućio je čitav niz temeljnih promena koji su najavile „dve velike revolucije” u Evropi 18. i 19. veka:
- Francuska revolucija (1789) označila je trijumf svetovnih

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