Social Theories and Prostitution

There are many sociological theories that can be used to explain prostitution in modern society. Two such theories are functionalism and symbolic interaction. Many people feel that prostitution may be an immoral act however, from a functionalist perspective there are social needs that are being filled through prostitution. Both social actors are gaining through the engagement of prostitution. Another sociological perspective; symbolic interactionism; focuses on the interaction that occurs between social actors. The labeling theory of symbolic interaction states that a prostitute is deviant only because he/she is labeled as such.
“The provision of sexual favors for financial reward has probably been institutionalized in the form of prostitution in every society that has had coinage. It has nearly always involved the prostitution of women to men, though male prostitution, especially to male clients, is not uncommon” (Oxford Reference). In the United States prostitution is categorized into three forms; escort, street and lastly brothel prostitution. From a functionalist perspective prostitution serves a need in society. If an act is not serving a societal need it wouldn’t continue to exist. “In America 80,000 citizens are arrested a year for soliciting sex” (http://www.onlineschools.org/blog/stats-on-prostitution/). According to functionalism prostitution is a job; a source of income needed to support self and family. Income is essential to provide the basic essentials of living such as food and home and therefore prostitution serves the need of the prostitute in providing an income. “Some prostitutes feel validated and empowered by their work” (Weitzer, 30). In addition to a source of income the prostitute may feel an emotional gain. A functionalist will also see that prostitution serves the needs of those seeking its services. It can be a sexual outlet for members of society. People may seek the service for any number of reasons including; need