Preview

Smart Antenna Systems

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
20613 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Smart Antenna Systems
Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile Communications

FINAL REPORT

Ivica Stevanovi´, Anja Skrivervik and Juan R. Mosig c January 2003

Laboratoire d’Electromagn´tisme et d’Acoustique e Ecole Polytechnique F´d´rale de Lausanne e e CH-1015 Lausanne Suisse http://lemawww.epfl.ch/

ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE

Contents
1 Introduction 1.1 Evolution from Omnidirectional to Smart Antennas 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 4 5 5 8 8 10 14 17 17 19 20 21 23 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 28 28

Omnidirectional Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Directional Antennas and Sectorized Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diversity Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smart Antenna Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 Catalogue of definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative Benefits/Tradeoffs of Switched Beam and Adaptive Array Systems . . Smart Antenna Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 System Elements of a Smart Antenna 2.1 2.2 2.3 Smart Antenna Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Smart Antenna Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fundamentals of Antenna Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 2.3.2 Theoretical model for an antenna array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Array geometry and element spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 Channel Model 3.1 3.2 Mean Path Loss

Fading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 3.2.2 Slow fading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fast fading . . . . . . .



Bibliography: [49] P. H. Lehne, O. Rostbakken, and M. Pettersen. Estimating Smart Antenna Performance from Directional Radio Channel Measurements. Proc. 50th IEEE Vehic. Tech. Conf. - VTC 99 - Fall, pages 57–61, September 1999. Amsterdam, Netherlands. [50] G. V. Tsoulos, M. A. Beach, and S. C. Swales. DS-CDMA Capacity Enhancement with Adaptive Antennas. Electronic Letters, 13(16):1319–20, August 1995. OFCOM Activity. Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile Communications

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    The transmit diversity scheme designed by Alamouti can be used only in a system with two transmit antenna. It turns out that this system belongs to a general class of codes named Space–Time Block Codes or, more precisely, the Orthogonal Space–Time Block Codes (OSTBC), since they are based on the theory of orthogonal designs. The authors of [4] introduced the theory of generalized orthogonal designs in order to create codes for an arbitrary number of transmit antennas.…

    • 674 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Guidelines: It’s always best to introduce a paper to the reader. It sets the tone and provides an overview of what will be covered and what the goals are.…

    • 524 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Lab 6 4

    • 386 Words
    • 2 Pages

    An omnidirectional antenna radiates transmissions out and receives transmissions in from all directions, although not equally in all directions. Most of the antennas in this category are thin rods or long flat sticks.…

    • 386 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Omnidirectional antennas are installed on most WLANS with AP’s that have them. Omnidirectional antennas do just what they sound like, which is transmit data in all directions at the same time. The signal can go horizontally and vertically; and up and down. However, there can be a dead spot in a minute area directly above the antenna which has no signal. One common example of this type of antenna is the dipole antenna. It is referred to often as the rubber duck, because it is highly flexible. (Fitzgerald, 233)…

    • 858 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    It 242 Week 8 Assignment

    • 686 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Microwave signals, Infrared Systems, Satellite Signals, and radio systems all have made strides in improving the signal speed and quality. Wireless signals have pros and cons that influence their commercial use and present day application. However, no matter the progress made with wireless signal frequencies they are always subject to interference from technologies limiting their effeteness.…

    • 686 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Antenna works as receiver. The receiver is a nearby loop of wire containing a second spark gap. Such a receiver loop, placed several meters from the transmitter, has its own effective inductance, capacitance, and natural frequency of oscillation. When transmitter creates electric signal using spark gap with it gains frequency. Sparks were induced across the gap of the receiving electrodes when the receiver’s frequency was adjusted to match that of the transmitter.…

    • 1154 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    (·)−1 is reserved for the matrix inverse and (·)H for Hermitian transposition. The estimated value of a variable a is…

    • 2012 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Microstrip patch antennas are increasing in popularity for their use in wireless applications due to their low-profile structure. Hence, they are extremely compatible for embedded antennas in handheld wireless devices such as cellular phones, pagers etc. The telemetry and communication antennas on missiles need to be thin and conformal and are often micro strip patch antennas. Another area where they have been used successfully is in satellite communication.…

    • 353 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    ANSOFT’S HFSS USERS PRESENTATIONS 19th FEBRUARY, 2004 Los Angeles, CA; Crowne Plaza Hotel, LA International Airport TITLE ANTENNA AND MICROWAVE COMPONENTS DESIGN WITH ANSOFT’S HIGH FREQUENCY SIMULATOR VERSION 9.1 PRESENTED BY AMEDEO LARUSSI 1 Space and Airborne Systems Electronic Warfare Systems 6380 Hollister Avenue Goleta, CA 93117-3114 2 EXAMPLE OF RAYTHEON EW PRODUCTS…

    • 1167 Words
    • 22 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    References: 1. Barnett, W. T., “Multipath propagation at 4, 6 and 11 GHz,” Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 51, No. 2, 311–361, February 1972. 2. Morita, K., “Prediction of rayleigh fading occurrence probability of line of sight microwave links,” Rev. Elec. Comm. Lab. (Japan), Vol. 18, 310–321, November 1970. 3. International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R), “Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems,” Recommendation UIT-R P.530-12, 2005. 4. International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R), “Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems,” Recommendation UIT-R P.530-13, 2009. 5. Olsen, R. L. and T. Tjelta, “Worldwide techniques for predicting the multipath fading distribution on terrestrial L.O.S links: Comparison with regional techniques,” IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 1, 23–30, January 2003.…

    • 3001 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    block codes (OSTBC) is applied to source -destination, sourcerelay and relay-destination link to exploit the maximal diversity…

    • 3946 Words
    • 16 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Aapar

    • 4411 Words
    • 18 Pages

    References: • Design considerations for adaptive active phased array ‘multifunction’ radars, Electronics & Communication Engg. Journal, December 2001 Vol. 13 No. 6…

    • 4411 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    References: [1] R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bahl, A. Ittipiboon, “Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook”, ARTECH HOUSE, Boston 2001.[2] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design”, JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC, New York 1997.[3] W. L. Stutzman , G. A. Thiele, “Antenna Theory and Design” , John Wiley &Sons,2nd Edition ,New York, 1998.…

    • 452 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Mimo System

    • 16933 Words
    • 68 Pages

    - multiple-output (MIMO) systems are a natural extension of developments in antenna array communication. While the advantages of multiple receive antennas, such as gain and spatial diversity, have been known and exploited for some time [1, 2, 3], the use of transmit diversity has only been investigated recently [4, 5]. The advantages of MIMO communication, which exploits the physical channel between many transmit and receive antennas, are currently receiving significant attention [6–9]. While the channel can be so nonstationary that it cannot be estimated in any useful sense [10], in this article we assume the channel is quasistatic. MIMO systems provide a number of advantages over single-antenna-to-single-antenna communication. Sensitivity to fading is reduced by the spatial diversity provided by multiple spatial paths. Under certain environmental conditions, the power requirements associated with high spectral-efficiency communication can be…

    • 16933 Words
    • 68 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Mimo

    • 4122 Words
    • 17 Pages

    Abstract— Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems employ multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas to obtain significant improvement in channel capacity. However, the capacity is limited by the correlation of subchannels in non-ideal scattering environments. In this paper, we investigate MIMO systems that use antennas with dissimilar radiation patterns to introduce decorrelation, hence increasing channel capacity. We develop a ray tracing model that takes into account both the propagation channel and the transmit and receive antenna patterns. Using a computational electromagnetic simulator, we show that: (1) MIMO systems that exploit antenna pattern diversity allow for improvement over dual-polarized antenna systems; (2) The capacity increase of such MIMO systems depends on the characteristics of the scattering environment.…

    • 4122 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Powerful Essays

Related Topics