Skeletal Muscle Contraction Essay
I. Types of Muscles
a. Skeletal
i. Striated ii. Uses intracellular calcium to contact iii. Big cylindrical cells iv. Multi-nucleated
v. Voluntary vi. Location: attached to the bone vii. Used for locomotion
b. Cardiac
i. Involuntary ii. Uni-nucleated iii. Striated iv. Location: walls of heart
v. Used to propel blood vi. Uses extracellular calcium
c. Smooth
i. Involuntary ii. Location: Walls of hallow organs iii. Non-striated iv. Uses extracellular calcium
v. Spindle shaped cells vi. Uni-nucleated vii. Used to propel things through internal passageways
II. Types of Muscles
a. Locomotion- Moving your body in space
i. Skeletal muscle
b. Move substances within body; food and water
i. Smooth Muscle
c. Stability- hold …show more content…
Contracts in sheets ix. Found in walls of hallow organs
x. Most organs have 2 layers of smooth muscle
1. Longitudinal layer: runs up and down (contraction: shortens/ dilates) 2. Circular layer: runs around (contraction: constricts/lengthens) xi. Alternates contracting and releasing xii. Peristalsis mixing and moving
1. Controlled by Autonomic Nervous System
a. Involuntary
ii. iii. b. Controlled by autonomic neuron
2. Vericosities: swollen area; similar to axon terminal does not dead end a. Has synaptic vesicles which could contain ACH or
Norepinephrine
b. Neurotransmitter can be excitatory (cause contraction) or inhibitory (cause it to relax)
*BE ABLE TO COMPARE SKELETAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE!!
b. Contraction of Smooth Muscle
a. Background
i. Slow synchronized contractions ii. Whole sheet contracts as a unit iii. Takes 30X longer to contract then skeletal iv. More of a sustained contraction
v. Fatigue resistant; because it only uses 1% of the NRG that skeletal uses vi. Most organs have smooth muscle contraction all of the time = smooth muscle tone vii. Some organs (stomach, small intestine) have pace maker cells
[have set rhythm of contraction] viii. Pace maker cells are self excitatory can generate AP …show more content…
Areas with lots of myelin sheath [white matter]
d. White matter sends/receives signals
e. Areas with lots of cell bodies & unmyelinated sheath called [gray matter]
f. Gray matter used for processing [integration] iii. Sensory Neurons (Afferent) carries input towards CNS iv. Motor Neurons (efferent) carries inputs towards effectors v.Interneuron (associations) connects sensory to motor
1. Integrates information
XV.Neurophysiology
i. Background
1. Highly irritable – responsive to stimuli
2. Have a separation of charge across membrane
3. Inside (-) outside (+)
4. Difference across membrane is -70milivolts
5. When you separate charges they have potential NG [measured in voltage]
6. Difference in charger between two areas is Potential
Difference
7. Measuring across membrane is Membrane Potential
a. é Potential Difference é Voltage
i. More of difference across the membrane ii. = More voltage
Current: flow of electrical charge from one place to another
a. Use Na+/ K+
Resistance: hindrance to current
a. High electrical resistance: insulator: Myelin sheath,
Cell membrane
b. Low electrical resistance: conductor: ion channel
c. éVoltage éCurrent
i. More potential NRG
d. ê Resistance
a. Skeletal
i. Striated ii. Uses intracellular calcium to contact iii. Big cylindrical cells iv. Multi-nucleated
v. Voluntary vi. Location: attached to the bone vii. Used for locomotion
b. Cardiac
i. Involuntary ii. Uni-nucleated iii. Striated iv. Location: walls of heart
v. Used to propel blood vi. Uses extracellular calcium
c. Smooth
i. Involuntary ii. Location: Walls of hallow organs iii. Non-striated iv. Uses extracellular calcium
v. Spindle shaped cells vi. Uni-nucleated vii. Used to propel things through internal passageways
II. Types of Muscles
a. Locomotion- Moving your body in space
i. Skeletal muscle
b. Move substances within body; food and water
i. Smooth Muscle
c. Stability- hold …show more content…
Contracts in sheets ix. Found in walls of hallow organs
x. Most organs have 2 layers of smooth muscle
1. Longitudinal layer: runs up and down (contraction: shortens/ dilates) 2. Circular layer: runs around (contraction: constricts/lengthens) xi. Alternates contracting and releasing xii. Peristalsis mixing and moving
1. Controlled by Autonomic Nervous System
a. Involuntary
ii. iii. b. Controlled by autonomic neuron
2. Vericosities: swollen area; similar to axon terminal does not dead end a. Has synaptic vesicles which could contain ACH or
Norepinephrine
b. Neurotransmitter can be excitatory (cause contraction) or inhibitory (cause it to relax)
*BE ABLE TO COMPARE SKELETAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE!!
b. Contraction of Smooth Muscle
a. Background
i. Slow synchronized contractions ii. Whole sheet contracts as a unit iii. Takes 30X longer to contract then skeletal iv. More of a sustained contraction
v. Fatigue resistant; because it only uses 1% of the NRG that skeletal uses vi. Most organs have smooth muscle contraction all of the time = smooth muscle tone vii. Some organs (stomach, small intestine) have pace maker cells
[have set rhythm of contraction] viii. Pace maker cells are self excitatory can generate AP …show more content…
Areas with lots of myelin sheath [white matter]
d. White matter sends/receives signals
e. Areas with lots of cell bodies & unmyelinated sheath called [gray matter]
f. Gray matter used for processing [integration] iii. Sensory Neurons (Afferent) carries input towards CNS iv. Motor Neurons (efferent) carries inputs towards effectors v.Interneuron (associations) connects sensory to motor
1. Integrates information
XV.Neurophysiology
i. Background
1. Highly irritable – responsive to stimuli
2. Have a separation of charge across membrane
3. Inside (-) outside (+)
4. Difference across membrane is -70milivolts
5. When you separate charges they have potential NG [measured in voltage]
6. Difference in charger between two areas is Potential
Difference
7. Measuring across membrane is Membrane Potential
a. é Potential Difference é Voltage
i. More of difference across the membrane ii. = More voltage
Current: flow of electrical charge from one place to another
a. Use Na+/ K+
Resistance: hindrance to current
a. High electrical resistance: insulator: Myelin sheath,
Cell membrane
b. Low electrical resistance: conductor: ion channel
c. éVoltage éCurrent
i. More potential NRG
d. ê Resistance