Preview

Similarities Between Aristotle And John Stuart Mill

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1620 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Similarities Between Aristotle And John Stuart Mill
Given that John Stuart Mill was a student of Aristotle’s work, it comes as no surprise that there are many commonalities between Aristotle’s and Mill’s ideas. One of the biggest ideas shared by the two is that all humans are striving towards the Good in their lives. However, while they both believe happiness is the ultimate Good in our lives, they differ in their conclusions about what happiness is and how to reach it. It is these differences in conclusions that further separate the two in their ideas of the ideal structure of society. Firstly, we must discuss the ideas shared by Aristotle and Mill, which will then allows to see how each reaches their conclusions about how important the State and the individual are, and which is more important. …show more content…
It is with this freedom that people can truly take something as truth. Under Aristotle’s system of ethics, the young are taught to behave in a manner that follows what the State has laid out as virtuous. The idea is that because the young practice this from childhood, it simply becomes a part of their habit to behave virtuously. However, Mill raises the question of whether people who grow up this way truly know the reason behind their actions, or if they are simply following blindly. We can also examine this question through something all students experience. When examined to see how much they have learned in their studies, students are usually required to simply memorize all of the information that is going to be present on their exam and regurgitate those facts on the exam. Is this an accurate examination of what the student has learned, or is it simply testing how well the student is at memorizing facts? Similarly, are citizens who grow up habituated with virtuous actions truly virtuous or are they simply behaving virtuously without even understanding what it means to be

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    “The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness” (11). That quote is from “Utilitarianism” written by John Stuart Mill. Mill is noted in history as a man who pushed for radical change of social and legal principles using Utilitarianism as his guide. That quote sums up his belief in that theory. In this essay I will be discussing Mill, the theory of Utilitarianism and how that theory relates to contemporary ethical issues.…

    • 430 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Aristotle believed that we as humans have natural obligations that provide happiness. Happiness consists of pleasure and the capacity to develop reasoning.…

    • 1095 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Comparing Devlin to Mill.

    • 1787 Words
    • 5 Pages

    It can be assumed that if J.S. Mill and Lord Devlin ever coexisted some intoxicating deliberations regarding the role of morality in society would transpire. However, time has a peculiar habit of erecting boundaries amid centuries, allowing us only to presume discourse between the contemporary and the historical. Consequentially, each individual has an obligation to formulate his or her own appraisal established through the logistic unification of the particular instant and one's own conception of idealistic righteousness. But the acquisition of an infallible and tangible philosophy with universal application would be as obstinate to create as it would to fathom. In such regard, the apparatus on which debate must rest is well constructed. If each were to believe in the intricate purity of his inspiration than no philosophy but his own would be received. It is subsequently the responsibility of that creature to sell his faculty, ensuing the continued survival of dispute. It is the function of this formula to patiently arrive at a conciliated truth in which the majority of a society can divulge. If the perceived truth were to have an impact on the thirst and fertility of an entire society than it would be in that institution's interest to create a fountain from which everyone could drink. It is this motive that has justifiably birthed meticulous curiosity in the works of both Lord Devlin and John Stuart Mill, each of whom have crafted disparate cures for the perils of harm in society, but neither of whom have succeeded in absorbing the values of the other. However, to adequately dissect values there must first be an ample understanding of the beliefs of each party concerned, only then can one interpret the mutual ethics from the personal.…

    • 1787 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    What part does happiness play in determining the morality of an act in a situation? Can a concept that ties morality to the search of happiness truly be rational? What of the opposite? Is it possible to view every situation with objectivity, never taking into account an emotion (like happiness)? The questions above concern themselves with the part of the central tenets of the ethical views of two very important philosophers, respectfully: John Mill and Immanuel Kant. The ethical theories that these two philosophers laid out clash with each other in fundamental ways, from how reason was defined, to the role that “happiness” played in determining the ethical choice in a moral dilemma. In the following pages, I will attempt to present and discuss the theories of Kant and Mill, pointing out what I perceive as weakness in said theories, as well as the possible strengths of each system.…

    • 2194 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    John Stuart Mill once said, “The amount of eccentricity in a society has generally been proportional to the amount of genius, mental vigor, and moral courage it contained. That so few now dare to be eccentric marks the chief danger of the time.” John Stuart Mill is one of the most prominent English-speaking philosophers during the 19th century. His works incorporated a huge range of topics in his articles and papers he has written, in which a few of them include A System of Logic, On Liberty, and Utilitarianism. Mill’s main goal when composing On Liberty was best seen by taking a gander at how he talked about his work in his Autobiography. Mill composed that he accepted On Liberty to show the significance to man and to the society, of an extensive variety on sorts of character, and the opportunity given to human instinct to extend itself in…

    • 1470 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    In _On Liberty,_ Mill employs a combination of formal and informal tones by developing complex ideas through many levels of meanings in form of clear expressions. Mill's use of contrasting metaphors in the paragraphs about the way human beings should develop shows both kinds of tone. The author also employs the figurative language to appeal to his intended audience, both the specialists and non-specialists in philosophy.…

    • 1627 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Aquinas Vs Hobbes

    • 1535 Words
    • 7 Pages

    One of Aristotle’s most prominent teachings in “Politics,” is the interpretation of the state of nature. “It is evident that the state is a creation of nature, and that man is by nature a political animal.” (I. 2. 153a.) From this statement, it is clear that human beings are innately political, regardless of the setting they are in. One example he gives to support his argument is that the hand of a body is similar to an individual of a city. This analogy demonstrates the relation of one functioning part that is attached to the whole and complete functioning system. A functional hand is only used when the entire body is operating correctly. Similarly, the city is comprised of multiple individuals each with specific duties to create a collection of different parts with different functions, all working simultaneously together for the city. The goal is to pursue the common good of the city, even when it conflicts with one’s self-interest. The common good gives people the opportunity to reach the highest form of virtue and requires the whole community. Another example…

    • 1535 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Humanity’s attempts to study the state of society have stretched back throughout the ages. From forefathers such as Socrates or Aristophanes to the great enlightenment philosophers of Locke or Voltaire, all have grappled with the questions of how humanity best functions as a collective. John Stuart Mill, hailed as a paradigmatic liberal political philosopher, continues this tradition of thought in his work On Liberty published in 1859. Mill’s major argument made is that the individual is sovereign in their actions insofar as they do not impeach upon the rights of others. His justifications centre strongly on the principles of utilitarianism, providing a model he believes to offer the greatest happiness to the greatest number. Through specific analysis it can be seen that he optimizes societal benefit by placing import on individuality but conversely justifying exactly when governance and restraint need to be exercised. Overall, his conclusions are an attempt to unify two competing social factors, individual liberty against circumstances in which power can be exerted over another, articulated in what has become known as the ‘harm principle’.…

    • 1306 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Is
He
or
Isn’t
He?

 Locating
John
Stuart
Mill 
in
 Ninetee nth
Centur y
Philosophy
 By
Ellen
Melville
 
 This
paper
was
written
for
History
416:
Nineteenth
Century
German
and
European
 Intellectual
History,
taught
by
Professor
Scott
Spector
in
Fall
2008.
 
 
 
 John
Stuart
Mill,
son
of
the
noted
British
philosopher
James
Mill,
is
routinely
 grouped
with
Jeremy
Bentham
as
one
of
the
great
Utilitarian
thinkers
of
the
nineteenth
 century.
He
was
devoted
to
preserving
and
expanding
liberty,
along
with
promoting
a
 limited
government.
However,
his
writings
demonstrate
a
deep
skepticism
regarding
the
 complete
faculty
of
human
reason
as
deified
by
Enlightenment
philosophers
of
the
 eighteenth
century,
as
well
as
his
own
father.
To
Mill,
the
philosophic,
rational
approach,
 and
especially
the
Utilitarian
ideas
espoused
by
Bentham,
is
incomplete
in
that
it
fails
to
 consider
alternative
opinions
or
human
emotions
which
do
not
fit
into
the
image
of
the
 rational,
calculating
man.
To
Mill,
the
Enlightenment
philosophers
became
too
subversive
 in
their
singular
focus
on
the
flaws
of
society.
Moreover,
Mill’s
writing
on
Samuel
Taylor
 Coleridge,
the
noted
Romantic
writer
and
poet,
commends
his
philosophic
reaction
to
the
 Enlightenment.
Finally,
some
of
Mill’s
writing
is
strikingly
similar
to
the
way
Edmund
 Burke,
a
founder
of
conservatism,
responded
to
the
French
Revolution.
Taken
together,
 then,
Mill’s
writings,
though
often
lumped
in
with
the
Utilitarian
philosophers
of
the
 nineteenth
century,
tempers
the
kind
of
thought
which
proceeded
from
the
Enlightenment
 notion
of
reason
with
a
view
of
humanity
that
draws
from
the
Romantics
and
even
some
 strains
of
conservative
thought.

 
 To
begin,
Mill’s
ambivalence
towards
earlier
Utilitarian
premises
seems
to
be,
at…

    • 2936 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    His rationale stated that a decision is the singularity that encompass morality as a whole. Aristotle's thinking contends that this is accomplished through the practice and habit of moral thinking. Aristotle believed that moral virtue is a mean of the two extremes which dictate what is goodness, and as as stated by Aristotle “wherefore goodness is both rare and laudable and noble”. In respect to Mill and Kant, Aristotle is fundamentally different because of his theory on happiness which is that happiness may not be achievable in retrospect by everyone in the equation, and to some end might bring pain to one or more parties depending on the consequences of that virtuous…

    • 848 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    An important part of this discussion is based on understanding what is happening with society nowadays. Societies all around the world are becoming more and more individualists, what is causing problems that can affect the whole world, problems such as terrorists attacks, war or even in a lower but maybe more important scale hunger. This is basically happening because every single member of every society is only looking after themselves instead of the group, they are only trying to progress individually, but most of these individuals forget that to really achieve the top you need help, and that help comes from other individuals. The following part of the paper will try to clarify the biblical view of Mill's theory, the Utilitarianism.…

    • 1614 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The two theories that will be compared and contrasted in this essay are Plato's Idealism and Mill & Bentham's Utilitarianism. I chose these two theories because, to me, they are the ones that seem to be the most realistic and interesting. The way to get from the level of the "is" to the level of the "ought" of the Philosophers in these theories are the two bests. In this essay, it will be shown that the two theories are not so different in their relation between the level of the "is" and the level of the "ought"; it will be shown that Idealism would be a better theory for a society with highly intellectual people, and that a combination of these theory would be the best way for our society to evolve from the level of the "is" to the level of the "ought".…

    • 1153 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Mill believes that, like Bentham, utility is what is valuable to society. Utility, according to Mill, is the promotion of pleasure or the absence of pain. He defines this as happiness, which is why he refers to utility as the Greatest Happiness Principle (Mill 55). Thus, pleasure (or painlessness) is what society finds valuable. Because society finds happiness valuable, it must attempt to maximize total happiness. Mill describes that the presence of pleasure and the absence of pain are the only ends desirable to society. Because of this, any event, decision, or experience is favored only because it is a source for happiness. This means that actions are good if they lead to more happiness and bad if they prevent it (Mill 55) .…

    • 945 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Personal relations, love and loss, are undefinable, but John's understanding of Shakespeare helps to portray his relating to illegal and unexceptible feelings. The works of Shakespeare showcase what the World State is trying to eliminate. Finding it difficult to relay intense emotions unknown to World State society, John makes reference to Shakespeare. "Only in Othello's words could he find an adequate vehicle for his contempt and hatred." (p. 219) Understanding human emotion and experience both positive and negative defines John's intention to defy the social norm. John Stuart Mill said, "the greatest happiness of the the greatest number would best be achieved by allowing as much freedom of thought and action as possible." (On Liberty) Questioning authority and promoting rebellion, in the pursuit of happiness. Happiness found and known through emotional experience and undefined personally responsible decision making.…

    • 682 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    In the essay Utilitarianism written by John Stuart Mill, Mill presents the claim that happiness is the only thing that is good. Meaning that all happiness leads to pleasure through out our lives and can be noticed by the absence of pain. In this essay I will further explain Mill’s view on happiness and how it is connected to the Utilitarianism view. I will then define my own objection of Mill’s arguments and why it is a compelling objection to think about.…

    • 922 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays