Queen Elizabeth is heard to be the greatest leader of England in history. She became queen in 1558 and inherited a poor nation. Many of her supporters thought that it would be best if she got married as soon as possible and let him control but Elizabeth had other plans.…
Retaining involved magnates taking men into their service, generally involving the payment of fees and sometimes the granting of a distinctive badge or uniform (livery).…
The origins of the church date back to the late 17th century when King William III approved the charter for the establishment of a new church for the Church of England in what is today Lower Manhattan. The first church began construction in 1697 and was completed in 1698. A modest…
Over its centuries of existence, England has had many different rulers sit on its throne. One of the longest and most celebrated reigns in the country’s history is that of Queen Elizabeth I, who ruled…
In 1520, the lack of a legitimate- Henry had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy, through his mistress Elizabeth ‘Bessie’ Blount- male heir to the throne- this failure was linked to the issue that Henry had married his brother Arthur’s widow- and a fixation with Anne Boleyn (seen as the catalyst of the reformation ) resulted in the decision of King Henry VIII to appeal to Rome for a papal annulment. Henry sought a divorce from Katherine of Aragon, with whom he had only one surviving child, Mary (later to become Mary I or ‘Bloody Mary’) through the annulment and alongside this, the possibility to curb the influence of the Papacy in England . However the annulment was refused by Pope Clement VII, due to wider European politics and so the Great…
Throughout the middle ages, Monarchy was the prevalent form of government. The majority of Europe was under the rule of Christian monarchs. At this time, Jews were simply not permitted to be english nationals but Christians were. This indicated all the right that Christians had that the Jews did not. Therefore, the Jews were forced to wear a red cap or a yellow star to demonstrate that they were not Christians;it made prey to hatred of their fellow citizens. Jews were under strict regulations when they were forced to live in separate quarters. It was a way to force Jews into small areas of terrible poverty, narrow streets, and crowded houses. In fact, Jews were starting to get blamed for any type of major issue that occurred. For instance,…
Saint Peter the Apostle, also known as Simon Peter, Simeon, or Simōn, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, leaders of the early Christian Great Church. Hippolytus of Rome, a 3rd-century theologian, gave him the title of "Apostle of the Apostles". According to Catholic teaching, Peter was ordained by Jesus in the "Rock of My Church" dialogue in Matthew 16:18. He is traditionally counted as the first Bishop of Rome—or pope—and also by Eastern Christian tradition as the first Patriarch of Antioch. The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and as the founder of the Church of Antioch and the Roman Church, but differ in their attitudes regarding the authority of his present-day…
He was an English monk at the Northumbrian monastery of Saint Peter at Monkwearmouthand of its companion monastery, Saint Paul's, in modern Jarrow (see Monkwearmouth-Jarrow), both in the Kingdom of Northumbria. He is well known as an author and scholar, and his most famous work, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (The Ecclesiastical History of the English People) gained him the title "The Father of English History".…
The monarchy of the United Kingdom (commonly referred to as the British monarchy) is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The present monarch, Elizabeth II, has reigned since 6 February 1952. She and her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial and representational duties. As a constitutional monarch, the Queen is limited to non-partisan functions such as bestowing honours. Though the ultimate executive authority over the government of the United Kingdom is still by and through the monarch's royal prerogative, in practice these powers are only used according to laws enacted in Parliament or within the constraints of convention and precedent.…
Britain's constitutional monarchy developed over a long period of time. Until the end of the seventeenth century, British monarchs had the right to make and pass legislation. Over time, the powers of the monarch were limited, both by laws enacted by Parliament and by changing political practices and customs. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the day-to-day exercise of political power was gradually taken over by Parliament, the Prime Minister and the cabinet eventually developing into a modern constitutional monarchy. It is a form of government in which an elected or hereditary monarch acts as Head of State. Unlike an absolute monarchy, where the king or queen is the sole source of power, in a constitutional monarchy the monarch's power is limited and shared with other parts of the government. People say that nowadays the power of the monarch in the modern British system is mostly symbolic and ceremonial, summed up by the saying, "the Queen reigns but she does not rule." In other words, as a constitutional monarch, the Queen plays an important role in the government, but does not have any real power. She cannot make or pass legislation and must remain politically neutral. As Head of State, Elizabeth II performs many official duties but almost always acts on the advice of her elected ministers.…
The power of the Nobility was the most important cause of unrest in the period of 1450 to 1470. ‘How far…
The Tudor dynasty experienced differing uncertainties throughout their reigns on the throne of England. From politics and war overseas, to succession difficulties. Each Monarch throughout early modern England faced conflicting challenges and hardships, nevertheless Henry VIII stands out among them all. Henry’s turbulent years on the throne presents an evolution throughout English society, culture, religion and politics, to name a few. Henry was not expected to become King, being only the third child of Henry VII, himself also an unexpected King, winning his throne on the battle field against Richard III in 1485. His early youth was not that of the first in line to the throne, due to the unexpected death of this elder brother Arthur, Henry…
from that time until today, the king or queen of England has also been the ruler of the Church of…
Edward IV restored some elements of royal authority in the years 1471 – 1483, he had destroyed his opposition or forced them into exile, he used family member to control more volatile regions and took a keen interest in law and order. In addition he improved the English economy and made a somewhat successful invasion of France. Although some would argue that Edward failed at restoring Royal authority because his heirs were only young at his time of death, Nobel rivalry thought England and his foreign policy had begun to go wrong.…
Wanting an annulment from Catherine the Great, Henry VIII created the Anglican Church through the Act of Supremacy in 1534. This marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation in England, and Thomas Cromwell, Henry VIII’s head of the King’s Council, instigated a series of governmental policies including new taxes, growth of royal power in the north of England, closure of monasteries, and elimination of Catholic church lands. In response to Cromwell’s doings, marchers staged protests and armed demonstrations that came to be known as the Pilgrimage of Grace. The religious goals of the participants of the Pilgrimage of Grace discussed the issues of Protestantism and the need for Catholicism to be firmly re-established. The participants also had religious and political concerns about the corruption of the church and Parliament’s authority, resulting in political opposition about treason and government from those supporting Henry VIII.…