Second Punic Wars Analysis

In this essay I will evaluate the applicability of systems theory as it pertains to the analysis of the second Punic Wars. The use of systems thinking provides a useful construct in the evaluation of the Second Punic campaigns. This is especially true as the reader assesses the human aspects of the conflict between Rome and Carthage in Italy, Africa, and Hispania in 218-202 BC. Systems theory or thinking, according to Peter Senge, is a discipline useful in understanding, and perhaps predicting complex events by utilizing analytical techniques that assess interrelationships, patterns and feedback related to events. System thinking is especially beneficial when assessing the dynamics associated with complex human interactions, such as, political
There are several examples mentioned in the Ghosts of Cannae that prompt a reader familiar with systems theory to consider the decisions and consequences of those decisions in terms of system behavior, inter-connectedness of variables and feedback loops. There are examples on both the Carthaginian and Roman sides that demonstrate an understanding, or lack of, systems thinking during the Second Punic War. Three examples will be discussed in temporal order. The Romans decision to call for the arrest of Hannibal, Hannibal’s recruitment of Roman allies and the Roman’s strategy to disrupt Carthaginian
Fabius Maximus was not a traditional Roman strategic leader, as he was known for refusing open battle. Fabius, or the great delayer, appeared to have used systems thinking to deal with Hannibal after the two significant Roman defeats. Fabian’s strategy was to indirectly repress the enemy by disrupting supply lines through skirmishes with Hannibal’s foraging forces, thus weakening the Carthaginian Army. In system terms, the Romans were effectively providing input to a variable on the Carthaginian’s sustainment feedback loop. There was no immediate effect or victor, but ultimately the Roman disruption of supplies, coupled with Hannibal’s inability to receive provisions from Carthage eventually lead to Rome ousting Hannibal from