Rulemaking is the creation, amend, or reject and repeal rules. Rules are used by agencies of the government after Congress passes statutes. These are also called regulations. Regulations do not start in the executive branch of government where agencies form. They start in the Congress, where they are the requirements for the establishment of the agency involved or function of an agency. The rules start with a legislative act of Congress.…
But a more realistic analysis suggests that bureaucracies often make decisions based on a much more limited range of information and analysis. In one of the earliest formulations of this view, bureaucracies make decisions by "muddling through."…
The Occupational Safetey and Health Administration (OSHA) is part of the U.S. Department of Labor. OSHA issued a "Directive" under which each employer in selected industries was to be inspected unless it adopted a "Comprehensive Compliance Program (CCP)"-a safety and health program designed to meet standards that in some respects exceeded those otherwise required by law. The Chamber of Commerce of the United States who represents the industry-objected to the Directive and filed a petition for review with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The Chamber claimed, in part that OSHA did not use proper rulemaking procedures in issuing the directive. OSHA argued that it was not required to follow those procedures because the Directive itself was a "rule of procedure." OSHA claimed that the rule did not "alter the rights or interests of parties, although it may alter the manner in which the parties present themselves or their viewpoints to the agency."…
Not everyone understands how the government works, there are many different branches, policies, rules and regulations that have to be followed. Individuals are not always aware of what the inner workings of our government are, and this can often be cause for confusion and frustration. Turning thoughts into policies and allowing those thoughts to be implemented is one of the most difficult procedures our government has. Understanding the inner workings of how an idea turns into a policy, can return a little bit of faith into our system, due to the unknown difficulty that policy creating can entail. There are three important phases to creating a policy - the formulation, legislative and implementation stage; each has their role, but they all affect each other in the creation of a policy.…
In this paper we will discuss the final stages of how a topic becomes a policy. The paper will discuss formulation, implementation, and the legislation stage. These stages must be done in this order to ensure the policy is being formed the correct way and not scattered around. This paper will also consist of the evaluation stage, analysis stage, and revision stage and describe the purpose and methodologies process for evaluating and revising a public policy.…
"Federal regulatory agencies have been created over the life of the United States to deal with specific issues that affect citizens of all states or industries that engage in business across state boundaries. Federal regulatory agencies generate and enforce rules" (eHow Money). The law dictates their work. Regulatory agencies enforce federal laws and generate rules. These rules are necessary for effective enforcement.…
In this week’s discussion post we encounter Steven J. Cann’s Chapter one titled Politics, Democracy, and Bureaucracy”. Cann emphasizes on Public administration in chapter one into detailed meanings: primarily, it is concerned with the execution of government policy; second, it is an academic discipline that practices this implementation and prepares civilian servants for working in the public service. As an arena of analysis with a varied opportunities as its essential objective which is to develop management and procedures so that government can properly function. Some of the various definitions which have been offered by Cann in chapter 1 for the term democracy is the form of government in which people have some influence over the policies that affect their lives. The bigger picture is that if the interpretation of government into the authenticity those citizens see every single day. The study of government decision making is basically the study of the policies themselves, the numerous contributions that have formed them, and the involvements required to create alternative strategies and require extensive knowledge of the laws in order to provide what is best for society and our nation.…
Even though rulemaking has an affect on citizens, very few people know about rulemaking, and even fewer understand how rulemaking works, therefore, there is limited participation. Since, there is a lack of awareness and participation, it is very hard for citizens to take a position on a law/bill. Also, rulemaking goes through some many processes, which makes it more complicated to follow, especially because of the bureaucracy.…
References: Abbott, M. G., & Caracheo, F. (1988). Power, authority, and bureaucracy. In N. J. Boyan…
It will enable the administration of Feati University to know the reasons why students keep on violating the implemented dress code. To make the university aware of the problem so that they may come up with a solution to lessen the percentage of students that keep on violating the implemented dress code.…
rights and duties of the people with respect to the implementation of the Ecological Solid…
In the state government there is about three hundred thousand bureaucrats, completely outnumbering the number of elected officials. According to the textbook, the elected officials in the state government who produce outputs, have the ability to control the unelected officials who produces outcomes. There are two models that look at bureaucrats and their responsibilities in the government, the rational actor model and the non-rational actor model. The rational actor model is a control model, it assumes that bureaucrats work in a tightly controlled environment with little discretion, and that they are all neutrally competent experts. Bureaucrats are there to respond to problems, however in the rational actor model, this is done in a heavily controlled environment with little to no discretion. Legislation, budget and the sunset advising commission are all control mechanisms to control the behavior of bureaucrats in the state government. The second model is the non-rational actor model, this model is said to give bureaucrats the ability to negotiate and use discretion when doing their jobs. Bureaucrats are the ones who produce outcomes, they are the officials who make things happen. Bureaucrats respond to the demands of political actors outside government, also known as stakeholders. Unlike the rational actor model, these responses can be made in a less controlled environment with the discretion of said bureaucrats. Though it is a less controlled environment, the non-rational actor model still has a structure, rules and slight oversight from upper level officials. In "Street Level Bureaucracy," Lipsky talks about the importance of discretion in bureaucracies, he states that policies should not be a one-size fits all, they should be applied on a case by case basis, but when discretion is not allowed then that makes it impossible for a bureaucrat to do…
* Involves the determination of the Legislative policy and its promulgation as a defined and binding rule of conduct through the enhancement of a law…
Principal-agent theory. In this time of ever more scarce government resources, the idea that one level of government can mandate the activities and therefore resource usage of another may seem counter-intuitive. Taken together with the politics-administration dichotomy, it would appear that civil servants have little control over what they do on a daily basis or how they are allowed to do their jobs. In reality, though, the bureaucrat signals the elected official in a number of ways about his or her preferences when it comes to methods of serving their clients, the public receiving the benefits of that agency’s activities (Lang, 2005, p.295). And elected officials similarly signal the bureaucrats. The challenge, though, comes from the many competing influences on the bureaucrat, surrounded by competing viewpoints and therefore differing directions to follow. Learning how to successfully navigate this complicated web of government level influence is a major task for public administrators!…
Public administration is important in the effective execution of the policies and laws of the government. It involves the careful analysis of the execution of the policies and laws of the government so that the government can be able to keep performing its roles and responsibilities to the people. Concerning the politics in public administration, the public administrators are in charge of implementing any changes or reforms in policies. They are responsible for accomplishing the objectives and targets of various agencies and offer excellent public service. It is just difficult to analyze a policy problem or concern in the government without taking into account the main political organization that controls the decision making and voting power (Denhardt, 2008). The intent of this paper is to examine the scope of the public administration field by analyzing the different significant theories that inform the practice of public administration; as well as individual societal factors that have an impact on how equally public service is delivered to members of our communities.…