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Riders to the Sea

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Riders to the Sea
HUMANICUS

issue 8 / 2013

Naturalist Aesthetics in John Millington Synge’s Riders to the Sea and The Playboy of the Western World
Gabriel Sunday Bamgbose Abstract: Efforts have always been made by literary scholars and critics to read the aesthetics of John Millington Synge‟s drama. However, little attention has been paid to the naturalistic dimension of Synge‟s plays. This study, therefore, investigates the naturalist aesthetics in Synge‟s dramaturgy. This is in an attempt to show that individuals‟ attitudes in certain contexts are conditioned by the forces of the environment they inhabit. The study adopts the naturalist dramatic theory in order to account for the intricate connection between human beings and nature. Also the study engages aspects of Freudian psychoanalysis to unveil the psychological implications of the actions and reactions of the individuals in Synge‟s plays. For the purpose of critical analysis, two of Synge‟s plays are selected – Riders to the Sea and The Playboy of the Western World. The study maintains that Synge‟s dramaturgy is influenced, in fact enriched by his close study of the Irish peasantry in the Aran Island. Both texts selected for this study reveal that Synge recreates and records the contemporary life of the Islanders in a journalist and objective style. The people‟s struggle for life in their Darwinian environment is captured in different dramatic forms. While Riders to the Sea presents a tragic vision of life, The Playboy of the Western World perfectly blends the comic with the tragic to present a farcical vision of life. Life in both texts is represented in journey motif. The journey of life in the closed system of the Island presented in Riders to the Sea often results in death and loss, and the journey of life in The Playboy of the Western World is coloured by disappointment, loss, rage, violence, boredom, and failure. The pessimistic and bleak realities of the people‟s life, in no small measure, affect their psyche



References: A Noise Within. Study Guide: The Playboy of the Western World by J.M. Synge, (2009/10). Retrieved 1st Dec., 2012, from http://www.anoisewithin.org/wp.content/plugins/Downloadmonitor/download.php?id=34 Aboelazm, I. John Millington Synge‟s Riders to the Sea: A Caribbean Revision. International Journey of Social Science and Humanity, 1.4(2011):294-299. Ansari, A The Emergence of Irish National Drama: A Brief History. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2.5(2012):65-69. Augustine, K. Naturalism: The Naturalistic Worldview, (2012). Retrieved30 Nov., 2012, from http://www.infidelis.org/library/modern/nontheism/naturalism Bickley, F. J.M. Synge and the Irish Dramatic Movement. London: Constable and company Ltd, 1912. Bourgeois, M. John Millington Synge and the Irish Theatre. London: Constable and Company Ltd, 1913. Cooper, S. & Mackey, S. Theatre Studies: An Approach for Advanced Level. Cheltanham: Stanley Thornes, 1995. Dasylva, A. Studies in Drama. Ibadan: Sterling-Holden, 2004. Di Yanni, R. Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay. Massachusetts:McGraw-Hill, 1996. Encarta Encyclopedia. Naturalism (Literature). Microsoft® Encarta® [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, (2009). Hawthorn, J. Studying the Novel. 4th ed. London: Arnold, 2001. Henn, T. Introduction. Synge: The Complete Plays. Ed. T. Henn. London: The Master Playwrights, 1963:1-78. Hlavsa, D. Study Guide: The Playboy of the Western World. Seattle: Repertory Theatre, (1990). Retrieved 1st Dec., 2012, from http;//www.davidhlavsa.com/uploads/files/Playboy%20of20the%20W estern%20World%20study%20guide.pdf Jegede, O. Studying Fiction. Ibadan: Bolakay Colour Prints, 2003. Jegede, O. Representation of (Step)Mothering and Identity Formation of Children Literature in Plural Marriage Settings in Two Nigerian Narratives. CALEL: Currents in African Literature and the English Language, 7(2011):218-233. 19 Kearns, G. et. al. Eds. American Literature. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1984. Khasawneh, H. The Irish Victory of Comic Defeat: Synge and O‟Casey. The Dublin Quarterly: International Literary Review, (2011). Retrieved 1st Dec., 2012, from http:www.dublingquarterly1e/16/ft.hkasawneh.html. Kiberd, D. Inventing Ireland. London: Random House, 1995. Lazarus, N. Realism and Naturalism in African Fiction. African Literature: An Anthology of Criticism and Theory. Eds. J. Olaniyan & A. Quayson. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2007:340-344. Lodge, D. Jude the Obscure: Pessimism and Fictional Form. Critical Approaches to the Fiction of Thomas Hardy. Ed. D. Kramer. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1979:193-201. Nwabueze, E. Studies in Dramatic Literature. Enugu: ABIC Books, 2011. Ousby, I. 50 American Novels: A Reader’s Guide. London: Heinemann, 1979. Reuben, P. Chapter 6: American Naturalism – A Brief Introduction. PAL: Perspective in American Literature - A Research and Reference Guide, (2012). Retrieved 30 Nov., 2012, from http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap6/6intro.html Synge, J. Riders to the Sea, (1902). Synge: The Complete Plays. Ed. T. Henn. London: The Master Playwrights, 1963:95-106. Synge, J. The Playboy of the Western World, (1907). Synge: The Complete Plays. Ed. T. Henn. London: The Master Playwrights, 1963:173-229. 20

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