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Ricardo Model

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Ricardo Model
Inlämningsuppgift Internationell ekonomi

1. Ricardomodellen förutsäger att länder tenderar exportera de varor där deras relativa produktivitet är hög (relativ export bör ha hög positiv korrelation med relativ export). Diagram 1 visar positiv korrelation mellan relativ export och relativ export vilket modellen förutsäger. Korrelationskoefficienten 0,2736 visar däremot ett relativt svagt samband.

2. Efter rangordning efter relativ export mellan EU och NAFTA går det att avläsa både skillnader och likheter. Båda har relativ hög andel fysiskt kapital av de respektive fyra varor som har starkast komparativ fördel, men vad gäller humankapital visar NAFTA höga värden och EU låga. Humankapitalrika varor som ”Office, accounting and computing machinery“ och “Medical, precision and optical instruments” dominerar NAFTAS export. Industrier som visar låga värden humankapital “Textiles, textile products, leather and footwear” samt “Wood and products of wood and cork” tillhör EU:s områden med starkast komparativ fördel.

3. Interindustriell handel speglar komparativa fördelar, till skillnad från intraindustriell handel som visar skalfördelar. Sveriges RCA gentemot Belgien och Kina speglar således Sveriges komparativ fördel i olika branscher. Diagram 3 visar att Sverige har komparativ fördel i ”Pulp, paper, paper products, printing and publishing”, ”motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers” och ”machinery and equipment, N.E.C”. Detta stämmer väl överens med den allmänna uppfattningen om svensk industri. I branscherna ”Food products, beverages and tobacco” och ”textiles, textile products, leather and footwear” har Kina och Belgien komparativ fördel mot Sverige, vilket intuitivt känns riktigt. Diagram 4 visar Sveriges intraindustriella handel med respektive länder. I majoriteten av branscherna har Sverige högre intraindustriell handel med Belgien än med Kina. Detta handelsmönster förefaller rimligt då Sveriges och Belgiens industri (i-länder i västeuropa) har större likheter

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