Review of Related Literature: Automated Fare Collection System
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
There are similar cases of projects similar to the implementation of the Automated fare Collection System (AFCS). Such systems are currently being used in developed countries.
EZ-Link (Singapore)
The EZ-Link is a contactless smart card in Singapore used for paying transportation fees for the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT) and public bus services. Aside from its primary use of transportation payment, the card has been developed as a viable substitute for carrying cash within the Metropolis. Among its secondary uses are: a) it can be used as a secondary identification and concession card for students in nationally recognized educational institutions, service personnel in the Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore Civil Defense Force and the Singapore Police Force or senior citizens who are over the age of sixty years old. The EZ-Link can also be used for payments in Singapore branches of McDonald’s restaurants.
Amidst the benefits there have been criticisms of the EZ-Link card. * Card replacement is very expensive. Children lose their cards most of the time since it is a medium of identification in educational institutions. * Parents cannot properly monitor their child’s food spending. * Fees are charged for auto top-ups. This fee is deemed as a convenience fee for auto-reloading.
Octopus Card (Hong Kong)
The Octopus Card is a contactless smart card used for electronic payments in Hong Kong. The system started in 1997 solely as a payment mode for Hong Kong mass transit. The system then spawned into a premier mode of payment for consumer use in many retail shops in Hong Kong spanning from restaurants, supermarkets, parking services and point-of-sale applications.
The main criticism about the Octopus Card is a privacy abuse issue that rose in 2010 wherein it was said that a Hong Kong insurance company bought records of card users from Octopus Holdings. Hong Kong Privacy Commissioner
There are similar cases of projects similar to the implementation of the Automated fare Collection System (AFCS). Such systems are currently being used in developed countries.
EZ-Link (Singapore)
The EZ-Link is a contactless smart card in Singapore used for paying transportation fees for the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT) and public bus services. Aside from its primary use of transportation payment, the card has been developed as a viable substitute for carrying cash within the Metropolis. Among its secondary uses are: a) it can be used as a secondary identification and concession card for students in nationally recognized educational institutions, service personnel in the Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore Civil Defense Force and the Singapore Police Force or senior citizens who are over the age of sixty years old. The EZ-Link can also be used for payments in Singapore branches of McDonald’s restaurants.
Amidst the benefits there have been criticisms of the EZ-Link card. * Card replacement is very expensive. Children lose their cards most of the time since it is a medium of identification in educational institutions. * Parents cannot properly monitor their child’s food spending. * Fees are charged for auto top-ups. This fee is deemed as a convenience fee for auto-reloading.
Octopus Card (Hong Kong)
The Octopus Card is a contactless smart card used for electronic payments in Hong Kong. The system started in 1997 solely as a payment mode for Hong Kong mass transit. The system then spawned into a premier mode of payment for consumer use in many retail shops in Hong Kong spanning from restaurants, supermarkets, parking services and point-of-sale applications.
The main criticism about the Octopus Card is a privacy abuse issue that rose in 2010 wherein it was said that a Hong Kong insurance company bought records of card users from Octopus Holdings. Hong Kong Privacy Commissioner
Bibliography: Budd, H. (2013, March 25). A new voyage for Opal card. Retrieved from The Telegraph: http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/a-new-voyage-for-opal-card/story-fnb5f12x-1226604534873 Computer Weekly James, S. (2010, July 29). Hong Kong May Outlaw Sale of Consumers ' Personal Data, Apple Daily Reports. Retrieved from Bloomberg: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-29/hong-kong-may-outlaw-sale-of-consumers-personal-data-apple-daily-reports.html Raj, C Budd, H. (2013, March 25). A new voyage for Opal card. Retrieved from The Telegraph: http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/a-new-voyage-for-opal-card/story-fnb5f12x-1226604534873 Computer Weekly coofercat. (2006, April 25). OysterCardRFI. Retrieved from Coofer Cat 's Weblog: http://www.coofercat.com/wiki/OysterCardRFI James, S TechTarget. (2008, July 14). London 's Oyster System hit by computer fault. Retrieved from ComputerWeekly.com: http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240086394/Londons-Oyster-system-hit-by-computer-fault TechTarget