Respiratory System
Respiratory system
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
See also: Respiratory tract
Respiratory system
A complete, schematic view of the human respiratory system with their parts and functions.
Latin systema respiratorium
The respiratory system (or ventilatory system) is the biological system that introduces respiratory gases to the interior and performs gas exchange. In humans and other mammals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveolar region of the lungs.[1] Other animals, such as insects, have respiratory systems with very simple anatomical features, and in amphibians even the skin plays a vital role in gas exchange. Plants also have respiratory systems but the directionality of gas exchange can be opposite to that in animals. The respiratory system in plants also includes anatomical features such as holes on the undersides of leaves known as stomata.[2]
Contents [hide]
1 Comparative anatomy and physiology
1.1 Horses
1.2 Elephants
1.3 Birds
1.4 Reptiles
1.5 Amphibians
1.6 Fish
2 Anatomy in invertebrates
2.1 Insects
2.2 Molluscs
3 Physiology in mammals
3.1 Ventilation
3.1.1 Control
3.1.2 Inhalation
3.1.3 Exhalation
3.2 Gas exchange
3.3 Immune functions
3.4 Metabolic and endocrine functions of the lungs
3.4.1 Vocalization
3.4.2 Temperature control
3.4.3 Coughing and sneezing
4 Development
4.1 Humans and mammals
5 Disease
6 Plants
7 References
8 External links
Comparative anatomy and physiology
Horses
Horses are obligate nasal breathers which means that they are different from many other mammals because they do not have the option of breathing through their mouths and must take in oxygen through their noses.
Elephants
The elephant is the only animal known to have no pleural space.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
See also: Respiratory tract
Respiratory system
A complete, schematic view of the human respiratory system with their parts and functions.
Latin systema respiratorium
The respiratory system (or ventilatory system) is the biological system that introduces respiratory gases to the interior and performs gas exchange. In humans and other mammals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveolar region of the lungs.[1] Other animals, such as insects, have respiratory systems with very simple anatomical features, and in amphibians even the skin plays a vital role in gas exchange. Plants also have respiratory systems but the directionality of gas exchange can be opposite to that in animals. The respiratory system in plants also includes anatomical features such as holes on the undersides of leaves known as stomata.[2]
Contents [hide]
1 Comparative anatomy and physiology
1.1 Horses
1.2 Elephants
1.3 Birds
1.4 Reptiles
1.5 Amphibians
1.6 Fish
2 Anatomy in invertebrates
2.1 Insects
2.2 Molluscs
3 Physiology in mammals
3.1 Ventilation
3.1.1 Control
3.1.2 Inhalation
3.1.3 Exhalation
3.2 Gas exchange
3.3 Immune functions
3.4 Metabolic and endocrine functions of the lungs
3.4.1 Vocalization
3.4.2 Temperature control
3.4.3 Coughing and sneezing
4 Development
4.1 Humans and mammals
5 Disease
6 Plants
7 References
8 External links
Comparative anatomy and physiology
Horses
Horses are obligate nasal breathers which means that they are different from many other mammals because they do not have the option of breathing through their mouths and must take in oxygen through their noses.
Elephants
The elephant is the only animal known to have no pleural space.
References: ^ Maton, Anthea; Jean, Hopkins Susan, Johnson Charles William, McLaughlin Maryanna Quon Warner David, LaHart Wright, Jill (2010). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. pp. 108–118. ISBN 0134234359. ^ West, John B.; Ravichandran (1993). "Snorkel breathing in the elephant explains the unique anatomy of its pleura". Respiration Physiology 126 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00203-1. PMID 11311306. ^ West, John B. (2002). "Why doesn 't the elephant have a pleural space?". News Physiol Sci 17: 47–50. PMID 11909991. ^ Britannica On-line Encyclopedia ^ Gottlieb, G; Jackson DC (1976) ^ [1] ^ Lighton, JRB (January 1996) Anatomy: Lower RT respiratory system (TA A06.3–5, TH H3.05.02, GA 11.1084) [show] v t e Anatomy, Respiratory system: Thoracic cavity (TA A07, TH H3.05.03, GA 11.1087) [show] v t e