research paper

DEMOGRAPHY - Vol. I - Family Planning and Reproductive Health - Iqbal H. Shah

FAMILY PLANNING AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Iqbal H. Shah
Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva,
Switzerland
Keywords: Family planning, reproductive health, fertility levels and trends, contraceptive prevalence, method mix, contraceptive continuation and switching, contraceptive failure, male participation, induced abortion, maternal mortality ratio,
HIV/AIDS, developing countries, developed countries.
Contents

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1. Introduction
1.1. Data Sources
1.2. Definitions and Discussion of Key Concepts
2. Family Planning: Levels and Trends in the Use of Contraceptive Methods
2.1. Family Planning Use by Major Area and Region
2.2. Male Participation in Family Planning
2.3. Family Planning by Type of the Contraceptive Method Used
3. Reversible Contraceptive Methods: Discontinuation and Switching
4. Family Planning and Induced Abortion
5. Family Planning in the era of HIV/AIDS
5.1. Contraceptive Methods for Couples Living with HIV/AIDS
6. Family Planning and Reproductive Health
7. Conclusions
Glossary
Bibliography
Biographical Sketch
Summary

This chapter focuses on family planning in the context of reproductive health. It brings together the evidence on the levels and trends in the use of family planning methods by area and region. The realization that human fertility can be regulated by using family planning methods and the speed with which this knowledge was put to practice by millions of people worldwide are perhaps the most remarkable achievements since the
1960s. Family planning is a key to attaining sexual and reproductive health, but it also impacts on social and economic development.
Family planning methods are varied - some are permanent and the others are reversible.
Some of the methods are classified as modern while the others are traditional. The

Bibliography: Ǻhman E. and Shah I.H. (2006). Contraceptive Use, Fertility, and Unsafe Abortion in Developing Countries Bongaarts J, Bruce J. (1995). The causes of unmet need for contraception and the social content of services. Bongaarts J. (1984). Implications of Fertility Trends for Contraceptive Practice, Population and Development Review, 10(2): 341-352 Fathalla, M. F. (1992). Reproductive Health in the World: two decades of progress and the challenges ahead Marston C. and Cleland J. (2004). The Effects of Contraception on Obstetric Outcomes. Geneva: World Health Organization Planned Parenthood Federation of America. (2006). A History of Birth Control Methods. New York: Katharine Dexter McCormick Library Ross, J., Stover J., and Adelaja D. (2007). Family Planning Programs in 2004: New Assessments in a Changing Environment, International Family Planning Perspectives, 33(1): 22-30 9-15. [This examines the trends in contraceptive use from 1960 to 1990.] Shah, I, 1995 Shah, I.H. (2001). Perspectives of Users and Potential Users on Methods of Fertility Regulation. In: Sexual and Reproductive Health: Recent Advances, Future Directions edited by Puri Chander and Van The Alan Guttmacher Institute. (1999). Sharing Responsibility: women, society and abortion worldwide. Trussell J. and Kowal B. (1998). The Essentials of Contraception: efficacy, safety, and personal consideration Tucker GM. (1986). Barriers to modern contraceptive use in rural Peru. Studies in Family Planning, 17(6): 308-316 Peru.] United Nations (2005b) United Nations (2007). World Contraceptive Use 2007. New York: United Nations. [A wall chart providing information on current contraceptive prevalence, by method, and unmet need for family United Nations. (1989). Levels and Trends of Contraceptive Use as Assessed in 1988. New York: United Nations United Nations. (1996). Levels and Trends of Contraceptive Use as Assessed in 1994. New York: United Nations United Nations. (2002). World Contraceptive Use 2001. New York: United Nations. [A wall chart