Research Paper
CHAPTER ONE THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 1.0 Introduction
Maternal death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.
Generally, there is a distinction between a direct maternal death that is a result of a complication of the pregnancy, delivery or management of the two and an indirect maternal death that is a pregnancy related to death in a patient with a preexisting or newly developed health problem unrelated to pregnancy. Fatalities during, but unrelated to a pregnancy are termed accidental, incidental or non obstetrical maternal deaths. (According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2005).
1.1 Background to the Research Problem
Worldwide, over 500,000 women and girls die due to complications related to pregnancy and childbirth each year. Over 99 percent of these deaths occur in developing countries such as Uganda, Somalia, Tanzania and other countries. But maternal deaths only tell part of the story. For every women or girl who dies as a result of pregnancy related causes between 20 to 30 more will develop short and long term disabilities, such as fistula, a ruptured uterus or pelvic inflammatory disease.
Maternal mortality has recently been included among the Millennium Development Goals (MDG 5). In spite of national efforts, Tanzania has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios (MMR) in Sub – Saharan Africa, with national estimates as high as 1100 in 1995 at the time of the present study, increasing to 1500 per 100,000 live births in 2006.
Statistically, maternal mortality contributes to only 2.3 percent of the total mortality. Still births make up 6.7 percent of total mortality. There are also
Maternal death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.
Generally, there is a distinction between a direct maternal death that is a result of a complication of the pregnancy, delivery or management of the two and an indirect maternal death that is a pregnancy related to death in a patient with a preexisting or newly developed health problem unrelated to pregnancy. Fatalities during, but unrelated to a pregnancy are termed accidental, incidental or non obstetrical maternal deaths. (According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2005).
1.1 Background to the Research Problem
Worldwide, over 500,000 women and girls die due to complications related to pregnancy and childbirth each year. Over 99 percent of these deaths occur in developing countries such as Uganda, Somalia, Tanzania and other countries. But maternal deaths only tell part of the story. For every women or girl who dies as a result of pregnancy related causes between 20 to 30 more will develop short and long term disabilities, such as fistula, a ruptured uterus or pelvic inflammatory disease.
Maternal mortality has recently been included among the Millennium Development Goals (MDG 5). In spite of national efforts, Tanzania has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios (MMR) in Sub – Saharan Africa, with national estimates as high as 1100 in 1995 at the time of the present study, increasing to 1500 per 100,000 live births in 2006.
Statistically, maternal mortality contributes to only 2.3 percent of the total mortality. Still births make up 6.7 percent of total mortality. There are also
References: Babie, E (1992), the Practices of Social Research: 6th Edition, London, Wadsworth. Best, J and Khan, J (i998), Research in Education: 8th Edition Central Asia Health Review (2008), Maternal Mortality in Central Asia, Asia CIA World Fact book (2012), Tanzania Maternal Mortality Rate Legal and Human Right Centre (2010), Tanzania Human Right Report Mbaruku G and Bergstrom S (1995), Reducing Maternal Mortality in Kigoma Tanzania: Health Policy and Planning, Tanzania Ministry of Planning, Economy and Empowerment (2006), Millennium Development Goals: Progress Report, Dar es Salaam Mukangara F, (1997), Beyond Inequalities Women in Tanzania – Dar es Salaam National Bureau of Statistics and Macro International Inc National Bureau of Statistics and Mbeya Regional Commissioners Office, (2003), Mbeya Region Social-Economic Profile, Dar es Salaam National Bureau of Statistics, (2005), Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2004-2005, Tanzania Onesmo, O et al, (2010), Tanzania Human Right Report, Tanzania Atom, O (2009), Effects of Maternal Mortality on Infants in Tanzania Mirondo, R (2011), Maternal Mortality Rates Still High: The citizen correspondent, Dar es Salaam United Nation (2011), Health and Nutrition: Annual Report, Tanzania WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA (2001), Maternal Mortality in 1993, Geneva World Health Organization (2005), World Health Report: Make Every Mother and Child Count, Geneva WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA/The World Bank (2005), Estimates of Maternal Mortality for 2000 World Health Organization (2007), World Health Statistics, Geneva World Health Organization (2009), Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPAhttp://www. Poverty monitoring.go.tz2005/10509-31 –engl.pdf APPENDIX A