Research Paper

Kabul, Afghanistan

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM ON MUTI-ETHNIC AFGHANISTAN
A short academic research dissertation

Submitted to: Mr. JACQUET Gilles-Emmanuel, Thesis Methodology Course Provider

July 2012 JAMAL Mohammad Mustafa (40183-10)

Acknowledgement I hereby thank Mr. Jacquet Gilles-Emmanuel for his thoughtful lectures on Theses Methodology and providing very helpful materials from reputable institutions. Special thanks to Mr. Amir Noori, Dean of Economy Faculty, Mr. Jawad Sultani, Dean of Social Sciences Faculty and Mr. Sayed Ishaq, Economy Faculty member at Ibn-e-Sina Higher Education Institute and Prof. Abdul Wassay Haqiqi, former Advisor to the Ministers of Commerce, Economy and Finance for granting me exclusive interviews.

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgement. Table of Contents.

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Introduction and background. . Parliamentary System. . .

Legislators influence on enforcement of laws.

National Budget.

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Poverty reduction programs. Conclusion. Bibliography. . . . .

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Mohammad Mustafa Jamal (40183-10) Economic impacts of parliamentary system in multi-ethnic Afghanistan Introduction and background: QOWM – a basic denomination largely used in Afghanistan to describe ethnic and tribal affiliation, best translated as ‘solidarity group’ (SIMONSEN SVEN, Ethnicising Afghanistan; 2004, P. 708). This term is largely used in the country, as Afghanistan

accommodates multi ethnic groups such as Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks and others geographically inhabited in different parts of the country [Map 1]. The history of inter-ethnic relations is proud of coexistence, diversity but tolerance it and

also contains

unequal opportunities and severe conflicts (SIMONSEN SVEN,

Bibliography: Books: Afghan 2004 adopted ‘Constitution’, Available at: http://www.embassyofafghanistan.org/constitution.html BARON David P., ‘The American political science review’ , Vol. 92, No. 3, Sep 1998. BIRKLE Gretchen, O’HANLON Michael and SHERJAN Hassina, ‘Toward a political Strategy for Afghanistan’ published by Foreign Policy at Brookings, May 2011. GERRING John, THACKER Strom C., MORENO Carola, ‘Comparative political Studies’, Volume 42, Number 3, Sage Publications, , March 2009. LAMER Wiebke and FOSTER Erin, ‘Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation’, CIVIL-MILITARY FUSION CENTRE, August 2011. Ministry of Economy and the World Bank, ‘Poverty Status in Afghanistan’ , A portfolio based on National Risk and Vulnerability, July 2010. SHAHRANI M Nazif, ‘State building and social fragmentation in Afghanistan. A historical perspective’, in Ali Banuazizi & Myron Weiner (eds), The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics. Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1986. SIMONSEN Sven Gunnar, Ethnicising Afghanistan, inclusion and exclusion in post-Bonn institution building, Third World Quarterly, Carfax Publishing, 2004. Articles: BBC (Persian), Afghan budget for 1391 approved, available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/afghanistan/2012/04/120421_k02-afg-budget.shtml CAMERON David, Overview: A role for federalism in Afghanistan after the Taliban, Federations: Special issue on Afghanistan, October 2011 Minority Rights Group International, available at: http://www.minorityrights.org/5440/afghanistan/hazaras.html MIRZAD Mohammad Amin, ‘Budget Approval; From words to action’ , Daily Afghanistan (Persian), available at: http://www.dailyafghanistan.com/opinion_detail.php?post_id=124488 Transparency International, ‘Corruption Perception Index 2011’ , available at: http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publications/doc/rep/ 11 | P a g e WEERA Seddiq and MICULAN Alison Roberts, History, culture and ethnicity in Afghanistan, Federations: Special issue on Afghanistan, October 2011 Interviews: HAQIQI Wassay, Former Advisor to the Ministers of Economy, Commerce and Finance ISHAQ Sayed, Economy Faculty Member at Ibn-e Sina Higher Education Institute NOORI Amir, Dean of Economy Faculty at Ibn-e Sina Higher Education Institute SULTANI Jawad, Dean of Social Sciences Faculty at Ibn-e Sina Higher Education and also Deputy of Hezbe-Wahdat Mardom Afghanistan (Afghanistan’s Peoples Unity Party) 12 | P a g e