Report on E-Waste in Bangalore

BRIEF REPORT ON INDIAN E-WASTE CURRENT SECRNARION AND SAAHAS INITIATVIES IN BANGALORE
Electronic industry in India:
As technology and innovation is continuously growing at faster pace, the demand for electronic item has been also increasing in India. The projected Indian market size will account for $75 billion in 2015 as against of $ 52 billion industry in 2011 including demand and products manufactured for exports. The electronics market comprises of domestic demand and products manufactured for exports.
What is E-waste?
Electronic waste is any waste which is related to electronic and electric equipment’s, components and machine etc. which has lost its utility value. E-waste is broader term which covers the waste which could be computers, televisions, laptops, mobile phones, VCRS, Fax machine, Refrigerator, dryer, kettle, toasters, ovens, washing machine, air conditioner, Fan, Air cooler, room heater and other household Items etc.
Types of E-waste
Technically, electronic waste is only a subset of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), any appliance using an electric power supply that has reached its end-of-life would come under WEEE (EU2002).
The electrical and electronic component can be categorized in different segments:

The electrical and electronic equipment can be broadly categorized into following categories (EU2002):

E- Waste scenario in India:

The Indian electronic industry is growing at a fast rate year on year. It is growing at over 25% CAGR and is expected to be worth US $ 158 billion by 2015. The market size of industry was Rs 7848 crore in 2011-2012, and it is going to become Rs. 10000 crore industry in current year as per the estimation. The revolution occurred in 1985, after that period the demand for electronic product has been increasing with tremendous level. High disposable income, advanced technology, new life style and development in IT services and infrastructure are the few reasons which has shift the demand curve upward.
In today’s era there are approximately 247 million households in India (according to census in 2011). Among which 165 million are rural household and 82 million urban household in India. Hence based on the rough calculation around 160 million households (both urban and rural) currently using electronic products in India. Currently sale of electronic Items taking place is 700 million units (620.7 million units in 2011). So based on the above data one can analyze how much of e-waste India is generating every year. all metropolitan cities are the main contributors in the generation of E-waste. Delhi, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Ahemdabad, Kolkata are on the top of list.
According to a new report from the United Nations, large amounts of e-waste would end up in developing countries by 2015. The report estimates a 500% growth over the next 10 years in computer waste in India alone. Now that is some frightening news. In India, increased demand for the key products like PC, TV, and Telephones in last 5-10 year has been responsible for the increasing amount of e-waste generation.
E-waste scenario in Bangalore:
The growth rate of discarded electronic waste is high in Bangalore since it has emerged as an Information Technology giant and due to modernization of lifestyle. Bangalore is one of the hubs of software companies, around 1500 software companies registered in Karnataka as Export Oriented Units (EOUs). In addition, there are over 35 hardware manufacturing units and over 70,000 professionals employed by the BPO industry. These three segments contribute the largest to the city's e-waste generation. Every day 7000 tonnes of e-waste is generated by Bangalore only. Each company generates 5 tonnes of e-scrap every year which is equivalent to 150-200 computers. The next highly productive area for e-waste generation is manufacturing. Household products are not the major contributors in e-waste generation as compared to above areas.
Rule and Regulation for E-waste in India:
The e-waste (Management & Handling) Rules had been notified in May 2011 by ministry of Environment and Forests and are and it is effective from 01-05-2012. These rules were notified for various stakeholders to prepare themselves and also to place the required infrastructure for the effective implementation of these rules.
Applicability:

1. These rules are applicable to every producer, consumer or bulk consumer, collection center, dismantler and recycler of e-waste involved in the manufacture, sale, and purchase and processing of electrical and electronic equipment or components.

2. The rule will not apply to lead acid batteries as covered under the Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001. The rules shall not apply to, Micro and Small enterprises as defined in the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 (27 of 2006) and radio-active wastes as covered under the provisions of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 (33 of 1962) and rules made there under.

3. The e-waste Rules apply to all electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) that put on in the market of India, including their components and consumables which are part of the product at the time of discarding.

4. Every producer shall ensure that the covered products do not contain lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, poly-brominated biphenyls or poly-brominated di-phenyl ethers above a specified threshold. The threshold for cadmium is 0.01% by weight in homogeneous material, for all other substances, the threshold is 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material.

5. In case of any doubt regarding applicability of these rules the matter would be referred to an interministrial committee comprising of technical experts and industry representatives.

6. Equipment or system that is not listed in Schedule-I but has a part or component that is listed in Schedule-I as an integral part of that equipment or system is considered to be outside the scope of the rules. However, waste generated from such components or parts may be accepted for channelization to recycling facility as long as it is recyclable
Major stakeholders

1. Producer is any person who, irrespective of the selling technique used, “manufactures and offers to sell electrical and electronic equipment under his own brand; or offers to sell under his own brand, assembled electrical and electronic equipment produced by other manufacturers or suppliers; or offers to sell imported electrical and electronic equipment” and has to take authorization under these Rules for implementation of EPR (Extended producer’s responsibility).

2. Bulk Consumers are bulk users of electrical and electronic equipment such as central government or state government departments, public sector undertakings, banks, educational institutions, multinational organizations, international agencies and private companies that are registered under the Factories Act, 1948 and Companies Act, 1956; they have to maintain records on E-waste generated and channelized to registered/authorized collection centers/recycler/dismantler.

3. Extended Producer Responsibility is a responsibility of any producer of electrical or electronic equipment, for their products beyond manufacturing until environmentally sound management of their end of life products.

4. Collection Centre is a center established individually or jointly or a registered society or a designated agency or a company or an association to collect e-waste which has to obtain authorization under E-Waste Rules, 2011.

5. Dismantler is any person or registered society or a designated agency or a company or an association engaged in dismantling of used electrical and electronic equipment into their components that has to obtain authorization and registration E-Waste Rules, 2011. The association may include a consortium as well.

6. Recycler is any person who is engaged in recycling or reprocessing of used electrical and electronic equipment or assemblies or their component. Recycling facility may be set up by an individual or a company or a joint venture or a consortium.

7. SPCBs/PCCs have been given the responsibility as regulatory agencies for ensuring implementation of the E-waste Rules in their respective States

8. CPCB is responsible for evolving the guidelines for implementation, overseeing the progress made in implementing the Rules and ensuring RoHS compliance.
Saahas : E-waste
SAAHAS Committed to finding solutions to problems related to solid waste management in Bangalore. Composting or organic waste and recycling, e-waste management and minimization of waste to dumpsites are some of the focus areas. (Bangalore based). At present the WEEE Recycle program with MAIT as the PIU in Bangalore and Saahas as the implementing agency, is working for the following: 1. Strengthening the formalized e-waste associations 2. Establishment of an e-waste collection 3. channelization mechanism Introducing public sector, corporate to the new e-waste rules, and ensure its effective implementation
A baseline study E-waste, Bangalore wakes up to a new threat was conducted by Saahas and was a joint effort of several other organizations.
Work with partners:
Saahas worked with various partners and association like Indo-German Swiss, Karnataka state pollution control Board (KSPCB), HP ltd. to study the various issues related to generation of e-Waste as also its flow, reduction and management the e-waste in different parts of Bangalore. Currently, as part of the EU Switch Asia Programme it working with recyclers likes E-Wardd and Eco-Birdd to support their collection efforts.
Up-gradation of informal sector:
The informal sector in Bangalore handles around 95% of e-waste. Which is responsible for the disposal and recycling of such waste. Based on the study conducted by the saahas on this sector they found the collection and recycle of e-waste can result of different types of diseases like brain damage, cancer and pulmonary edema etc. because of hazardous materials mercury, cadmium and lithium. They upgrade the informal sectors who are actively engaged in e-Waste recycling via introducing better technique and technology.
Introduction of collection system:
In association with its corporate partner, Saahas also introduced a collection system for frequently used e-waste products like dry cell batteries, CDs and floppies. The office also operates as a collection center for other e-waste. Waste collected is then sent to E-Parisaraa, E-Wardd or Eco-Birdd for recycling. In 2009 saahas was also supported by HP ltd. HP conducted a mass campaign to encourage all the e-waste generators to bring in end life of material and dispose it safely at e-waste collection centers.
In house policy:
Recently Saahas has also started working with individual companies and the public sectors to assist them introduce an in-house policy for e-waste.

E-waste Programme:
Public collection points: 1. public utility building 2. KSPCB 3. Landmark forum 4. Mother earth Ring road 5. Bangalore central, jayanagar 6. RT nagar city central Library 7. BBMP Offices 8. Corporation jayanagar, 4th Block

Public collection points: 9. public utility building 10. KSPCB 11. Landmark forum 12. Mother earth Ring road 13. Bangalore central, jayanagar 14. RT nagar city central Library 15. BBMP Offices 16. Corporation jayanagar, 4th Block

Regular collection of CDs and batteries
Regular collection of CDs and batteries

Provide Livelihood to informal sector and move them towards becoming part of formal sector
Provide Livelihood to informal sector and move them towards becoming part of formal sector

E-waste collection campaigns
E-waste collection campaigns

ANNEXURE: 1. E-waste Type and Composition:

(Source: Basel Action Network, Sodhi, M. S. & Reimer, B. (2001)

2. Forecasted Annual sales of electronic equipment | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 | 2021 | 2026 | 2031 | GeneralLighting | 310.5 | 522.9 | 673.3 | 837.5 | 978.7 | 1,127.1 | EntertainmentRadio CD Player TV DVD/ VCR Computer | 7.95.511.00.70.4 | 11.07.413.91.20.9 | 13.610.017.22.31.7 | 15.311.619.13.62.9 | 17.011.919.94.34.3 | 18.813.022.35.05.6 | White AppliancesWashing machines Refrigerator Electric Oven Toaster Microwave | 1.55.20.70.61.0 | 2.47.41.11.01.5 | 4.110.81.71.72.3 | 6.213.52.52.63.2 | 7.814.33.13.14.0 | 9.115.53.73.64.7 | Heating /CoolingElectric Water Heater Fans Air cooler Air‐conditioning | 2.828.63.40.4 | 4.140.24.90.8 | 6.057.47.61.7 | 8.272.410.72.9 | 10.077.912.83.9 | 11.785.615.04.8 |

3. FORECASTED SCRAPPING VOLUME OF FIVE MAJOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT TYPES (X1000 UNITS)

Year | Refrigerator | Air Conditioner | Washing machine | Television | Computer | Total | Growth rate % | 2001 2002 2003 2004 20052006200720082009201020112012 | 6,7084,6314,6994,8585,9677,6819,1859,79710,44410,60012,10012,790 | 6301,5803,4643,9346,8267,8629,74011,56913,37618,26723,33631,351 | 10,9429,48410,74712,54512,07313,42214,43013,41615,95819,64525,33430,355 | 14,35816,89220,57725,37627,11334,97042,62039,36040,93751,55065,41474,318 | 32,8848361,3882,0662,9144,0506,7208,77714,63532,16759,74980,849 | 24633,42240,87648,77854,89367,98582,69582,91895,350132,228185,934229,664 | 162231931252392163150387406235 |
Source: China’s plastic statistics yearbook 2006. Projections from 2006 onwards

Year | Mobile Phones | Televisions | Refrigerators | DVD Players | Total | 2010-20112011-20122012-20132013-20142014-20152015-20162016-20172017-20182018-20192019-2020 | 110 203 169 220 286 310 388 485 485 582 | 16100179381925020563223132450026250301883237533688 | 39384638525059066475679967387350848810325 | 1500180021001860204622512476267428883119 | 21648245792676928549311203386035852406974423647714 |
E-waste from Consumer Electronics – Forecasts for Next Ten Years (in Tonnes)

4. QUANTITY OF WEEE (WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT) GENERATED IN INDIAN STATES. STATES | WEEE (In Tonnes) | 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 92.2 | 2. Lakshadweep | 7.42 | 3. Andra Pradesh | 12,780.3 | 4. Madhya Pradesh | 7,800.63 | 5. Arunachal Pradesh | 131.7 | 6. Maharashtra | 20,270.64 | 7. Assam | 2,176.7 | 8. Manipur | 231.75 | 9. Bihar | 3,055.6 | 10. Meghalaya | 211.66 | 11. Chandigarh | 359.7 | 12. Mizoram | 79.67 | 13. Chhattisgarh | 2,149.9 | 14. Nagaland | 145.18 | 15. Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 29.4 | 16. Orissa | 2,937.89 | 17. Daman and Diu | 40.8 | 18. Puducherry | 284.210 | 19. Delhi | 9,729.2 | 20. Punjab | 6,958.511 | 21. Goa | 427.4 | 22. Rajasthan | 6,326.912 | 23. Gujarat | 8,994.3 | 24. Sikkim | 78.113 | 25. Haryana | 4,506.9 | 26. Tamil Nadu | 13,486.214 | 27. Himachal Pradesh | 1,595.1 | 28. Tripura | 378.315 | 29. Jammu and Kashmir | 1,521.5 | 30. Uttar Pradesh | 10,381.116 | 31. Jharkhand | 2,021.6 | 32. Uttarakhand | 1,641.117 | 33. Karnataka | 9,118.7 | 34. West Bengal | 10,059.418 | 35. Kerala | 6,171.8 | shows quantity of WEEE generation in different states in India (IRGSSA2005)

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