report
Experiment NO. (6)
Characteristics of Transistor
NAME: Ali Abdullah AlOtaibi
ID: 100207112297
SEMESTER: Fall 2013\2014
LAB: Electronics Lab
DIRECTED TO: Dr. Mohammed Majid Al Khalidy
ENGINEER: Nour Khalaf
Measurement and Plotting For the Characteristics Curve of Transistor
6.1 Objective:
1. To understand the structures and symbols of the transistors.
2. To understand the characteristics of the transistor [1]
6.2 Theory:
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor 's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.
Inside a transistor: a BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor) transistor has inside two similar semi conductive materials, and between them there is a third semi conductive material of different type. So, if the two similar materials are P and the middle one is N, then we have a P-N-P or PNP transistor. Similarly, if the two materials are N and the middle one is P, then we have a N-P-N material or NPN.
Each transistor has 3 leads which we call base, collector and emitter, and we use the symbols b, c and e respectively. Each lead is connected to one of the 3 materials inside, with the base being connected to the middle one. The symbol of the transistor has an arrow on the emitter. If the transistor is a PNP, then the arrow points to the base of the transistor , otherwise it points to the output. You can always remember that the arrow points at the N material. These are the symbols [2]:
Figure (7.1)
Characteristics of Transistor
NAME: Ali Abdullah AlOtaibi
ID: 100207112297
SEMESTER: Fall 2013\2014
LAB: Electronics Lab
DIRECTED TO: Dr. Mohammed Majid Al Khalidy
ENGINEER: Nour Khalaf
Measurement and Plotting For the Characteristics Curve of Transistor
6.1 Objective:
1. To understand the structures and symbols of the transistors.
2. To understand the characteristics of the transistor [1]
6.2 Theory:
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor 's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.
Inside a transistor: a BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor) transistor has inside two similar semi conductive materials, and between them there is a third semi conductive material of different type. So, if the two similar materials are P and the middle one is N, then we have a P-N-P or PNP transistor. Similarly, if the two materials are N and the middle one is P, then we have a N-P-N material or NPN.
Each transistor has 3 leads which we call base, collector and emitter, and we use the symbols b, c and e respectively. Each lead is connected to one of the 3 materials inside, with the base being connected to the middle one. The symbol of the transistor has an arrow on the emitter. If the transistor is a PNP, then the arrow points to the base of the transistor , otherwise it points to the output. You can always remember that the arrow points at the N material. These are the symbols [2]:
Figure (7.1)
References: [1] KL-200 LINEAR CIRCUIT LAB (Module Experiment Manual) [2] http://pcbheaven.com/wikipages/Transistor_theory/ [3] http://www.bookrags.com/research/transistors-csci-01/ [4] Microelectronics, Circuit Analysis and Design. Donald A. Neamen [5] http://www.ko4bb.com/e102/e102-1.php