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Religión En Mesopotamia

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Religión En Mesopotamia
RELIGION EN MESOPOTAMIA
Contexto Histórico La creación de los textos escogidos se enmarca en la poderosa civilización que vivió en la región de Mesopotamia, ubicada entre los ríos Tigris y Éufrates. Ésta ha sido llamada muchas veces la “cuna de la civilización”, y es el lugar de donde proceden los vestigios de escritura más antiguos que se conocen (junto a los jeroglíficos egipcios), además de uno de los sistemas de legislación más antiguos. En Mesopotamia habitaron diversos pueblos a través de los miles de años que duró la civilización, antes de que ésta perdiera gradualmente su poder y relevancia con las sucesivas invasiones persas, griegas y romanas. Sumerios, acadios, amorreos, cashitas, asirios, pueblos de origen ario, entre otros, se cuentan entre los habitantes de Mesopotamia que influyeron en el desarrollo de su historia y cultura. Sin embargo, los textos que se analizan en este trabajo corresponden solamente a las sucesivas hegemonías de los sumerios, acadios y amorreos, por lo que nos centramos únicamente en su historia. El primer pueblo relevante en la cultura mesopotámica son los sumerios. Aunque existe evidencia de que éstos no fueron los primeros habitantes de la región, a los sumerios se les atribuye la invención de la escritura cuneiforme, además del desarrollo de una cultura que sería después adoptada por los posteriores dominadores de Mesopotamia. Los sumerios se organizaron en pequeños estados o ciudades-estado, cada uno con su propio rey (aunque a veces los sacerdotes eran los controladores del poder). Además, tenían creencias religiosas politeístas, con un panteón compuesto por dos tríadas principales: la cósmica y la astral. Cada ciudad-estado rendía especial culto a un dios, y su centro social y cultural eran el palacio real y el templo, construidos al pie de zigurat, la torre piramidal erigida en pisos, que unía el mundo divino con el humano. Es en este contexto que se enmarca la creación del Mito Sumerio del Diluvio

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