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Relación Entre Motivación Y Deserción Escolar

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Relación Entre Motivación Y Deserción Escolar
CAPITULO I
INTRODUCCIÓN
En su trabajo Demanda de Educación Superior: Evaluaciones y Condicionamientos de los Estudiantes en la Elección de Carrera, Latiesa (1985) estudió la cohorte que ingresó en el ciclo 1984/1985 a la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid en las carreras de Derecho, Medicina, Psicología, Ciencias y Letras con el objetivo de conocer las evaluaciones que hacen los alumnos y los condicionamientos que influyen en su elección de carrera; puesto que los estudiantes ingresan a la Universidad con una pluralidad de motivaciones: deseo de participar en iniciativas y conocer innovaciones intelectuales, vivir nuevos encuentros sociales y tipos de roles y adquirir prestigio y conocimientos profesionales, entre otros.
Gámez y Marrero (2003) tomaron como base el artículo publicado por Valle, González, Núñez, Rodríguez y Piñeiro donde proponen un modelo causal sobre los determinantes cognitivos-motivacionales del rendimiento académico. Los autores pretendían establecer la influencia entre las variables de autoconcepto académico y las atribuciones causales que influyen en la orientación motivacional del estudiante; que en este caso, se traduce en la adopción de diferentes tipos de metas, las cuales determinan el tipo de estrategias de aprendizaje que pone en marcha el sujeto y esto, a su vez, determina los resultados de aprendizaje.
Con varios años de dar clases en alumnos de nuevo ingreso en la carrera de psicología, Gámez y Marrero (2003) se formularon preguntas del por qué estos alumnos elegían esa carrera, qué metas esperaban satisfacer con esos estudios, qué esperaban encontrar ahí. Para responder esas preguntas elaboraron un cuestionario denominado MOPI (Motivación para Estudiar Psicología) con la finalidad de explorar las metas y motivos de los estudiantes al elegir la carrera de psicología. Este instrumento fue aplicado a alumnos del primer y segundo curso.
El MOPI se ha utilizado en otras investigaciones como la realizada por Rovella, Sans de Uhrlandt,

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