Reading is the ability to understand the written words of another person. But reading is not as simple as you think, reading is ....…
The implementation of new and different strategies is important as educators strive to meet the academic needs of students with disabilities. Students with disabilities are to be provided with the same opportunities to learn and grow academically as other students (Essex, 2012).…
Geva, E. (2000). Issues in the assessment of reading disabilities. Informally published manuscript, Department of Human Development and Applied Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Retrieved from http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~hmcbride/HDP1285Geva%20RD%20ELL09.pdf…
Reading is one of the most important skills a learner must acquire in life. Statistics show that students who are behind in reading…
Although these strategies worked for me they do not provide a complete and comprehensive approach to reading instruction for students with disabilities. The National Panel defines effective reading programs as those that address five areas of reading. These areas include phonemic awareness, phonics instruction, fluency instruction, vocabulary instruction, and reading comprehension (The National Reading Panel, 2000).…
Wanzek, J., Vaughn, S., Roberts, G., & Fletcher, J. M. (2011). Efficacy of a Reading Intervention for Middle School Students with Learning Disabilities. Exceptional Children, 78(1), 73-87.…
Stated by Ruskey (2011), Samuels work from the 1970’s continues to have influence in the field of reading strategies that focus on practice and repetition (p.19). Samuel (1979) found four supporting findings for his work in repeated reading, first, the original findings had been replicated to a high degree of accuracy and speed develops in the practiced text; next, there is a transfer of fluency to other portions of the text, even the parts that were not specifically practiced; then, repeated reading is the most universally used remedial reading technique to help poor readers improve reading skill; Finally, repeated reading is now widely used widely to teach reading in foreign languages (p.381). An important finding in Samuel’s work demonstrated that as the student continued to use this method, the data revealed that the student speed with each new passage increased from the previous one (Ruskey, 2011, p.19). The author hypothesizes that 4th grade ELL students will improve their reading fluency score due to repeated reading in small group…
Retrieved from http:// sped.dpi.wi.gov/sites/default/files/imce/sped/pdf/at-wati-asnat.pdf Uviversity of Dayton. Learning Teaching Center, . (). Teaching and Students with Disabilities. Retrieved from https://www.udayton.edu/ltc/learningresources/facultyandstaff/faculty_teach ing_disability.php…
An article in the Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy (November, 2006) stated that the United States Department of Education reports that more than 8 million students in grades 4-12 are struggling readers and National Assessment of Educational Progress data from 2002 indicate that 33% of the 8th grade students and 36% of the 12th grade students who were tested performed at or above a “proficient” level. One teacher is responsible for 150-200 students on a daily basis. It is extremely difficult for teachers to meet the needs of poor readers. Intense, direct, and explicit instruction in reading is critical to close the achievement gap (Shippen, et al., 2005). Poor readers may know the skills and strategies that are essential for becoming a good reader, but do know how or when to apply them. A study…
Reading is a complex activity. It sends our brains into a frenzy of electrical impulses that zig and zag through matter in ways we still do not totally understand. It organizes sights and sounds in designs that ultimately connect us to the broad vistas of life's many landscapes. Reading gives us the opportunity to appreciate those landscapes in all their variety. It is remarkable that, whatever approach, method, or ideology is used to teach reading, most students become proficient at it.…
This particular English 10 class is a co-taught class of twenty-five including six students with disabilities. There are two students with autism, three with multiple disorders and one student with hearing impairment. By using varying kinds of texts, teachers can provide different modalities of learning for all students, especially those with disabilities. Regardless of if a student is classified with a disability, all students learn differently. Being able to meet students’ needs by providing tactile learners a way to touch, visual learners a way to see and auditory learners a way to hear is key/hugely important.…
As an itinerant resource teacher, my ongoing challenge has been the quest for effective methods and materials to meet the needs of my students with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and other developmental disabilities. Although the development of communication and social and behavioral skills is crucially important for children with ASD, so too is the acquisition of academic skills. Professionals usually suggest that skills in reading be taught but rarely mention exactly how to go about teaching reading to children with ASD. Teachers and paraprofessionals wonder: How? What do I use? What does it look like? What are the steps? Implementing Oelwein's Methodology In the fall of 1995, I read Teaching Reading to Children with Down Syndrome: A Guide for Parents and Teachers, by Patricia Oelwein. Many children who have Down syndrome have significant, even severe, difficulty with phonological awareness, as well as Photo…
Comprehension helps students understanding what they are reading. “Short term memory helps automatic decoding which is necessary for readers to comprehend and understand what they are reading” (Pardo, 2004, p.273). Pardo (2004) states that “Teachers help students get to this level of automatic decoding by providing instruction in phonemic awareness and phonics at all grade levels” (p. 273). When students spend to much time focusing on sounding out words they have less energy to think about meaning (Pardo, 2004). Students in lower grades will work on phonemic awareness and phonics but older students will practice automatic decoding through spelling vocabulary and high word frequency (Pardo, 2004).…
Many students, from elementary school to high school struggle with reading fluency and comprehension. For years researches have studied and investigated elements of effective reading and why there are such a high number of struggled readers. Statistics have shown that 65 percent of eight graders in secondary school students with learning disabilities read below the 20th percentile and the numbers are even greater in urban school districts (National Center for Educational Statistics,…
Reading fluency is the ability to read connected text rapidly, effortlessly and automatically (Hook & Jones, 2004; Meyer, 2002). Readers must develop fluency to make the bridge from word recognition to reading comprehension (Jenkins, Fuchs, van den Broek, Espin & Deno, 2003). It is essential for all students to read fluently as they are “learning to read” up to Grade 3, but beginning in Grade 4, they are “reading to learn” (Chall, 1983). Middle school students represent a crucial starting point because they are in the midst of an important transition: they are now regularly being asked to apply their knowledge of how to read to learn from texts (Chall, 1983; Hagaman & Reid, 2008). Students with learning disabilities (“LD”) are most at risk for presenting difficulties in fluency, due to their weak ability to read sight words, decode new words, read phrases and sentences automatically and rapidly, leading to difficulties in reading comprehension (Chard, Vaughn & Tyler, 2002; Meyer & Felton, 1999).…