In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the Rational Choice Theory(s) and the Trait Theory(s). We will start with the history of the two theories and progress toward some of the individual principles in the theories. Next step will be explaining how each theory contributes to criminal behavior. My closing paragraph will conclude the essay as well as give detailed information on how society punishes the crimes committed.…
It is very easy, now a days with the media, to glamorize crimes and certain cases that have created a spectacle. Many of these famous criminal cases always question the motive of the crime. With this question, come many answers, some leading to theories as to why this particular person would commit the crime they did. Theories try to give an explanation to a cause and link and explain cause and effect. In Criminology, choice theories attempt to explain the reasons a person decided to engage in certain behaviors that caused they to break the law. Some of these theories, such as the rationale theory and sociological theories have a great impact on society as well have affected the criminal justice system.…
The behavior theory claims that humans learn their behavior through experiences. They learn how to and commit crimes because they receive favorable incentives for committing the crimes. This theory ties into the social learning theory which claims that people learn their aggressive or criminal behaviors from watching others around them engage in these acts. Another interesting theory is the rational choice theory. The rational choice theory is used to describe why people commit crimes. Under the rational choice theory people weigh the cost and benefit of committing the crime. When the benefit outweighs the cost of the crime the individual or individuals are more likely to commit the crime.…
Matza, D. & Sykes, Gresham (1961). Juvenile Delinquency and Subterranean Values. American Sociological Review. 26(5). 712-719.…
Choice theories are based on a perspective on crime causation that holds that criminality is the result of…
Rational choice theory would suggest that these conditions force the criminal to weigh the probabilities of success in committing crime against the probability…
The rational choice model sustains that offenders choose crime from other possible courses of action when the reward is in their self-interest. On the other hand, cognitive psychologists, economists and professionals from the criminological mainstream define crime as a choice; they have the assumption that “the decision to commit a criminal act springs from the offender’s assessment of its anticipated net utilities”.…
To start, the choice theory, also known as the rational choice theory is the idea that people tend to make choices in a way that maximizes advantage while minimizing cost (Wisegeek, 2011). This can mean people first weigh the positives against the negatives when committing a crime and make his or her choice base off what will benefit him or her more. Cesare Beccaria, who inspired the rational choice theory in the 1700s, said “it is by free will that people are able to follow through with those “rational” decisions (Wikia, 2011). This means that using the rational choice theory, people who commit crimes know what they are doing before they do it.…
criminal in aspects to the crime. So the choice theory is that the criminals choose to…
Choice theories apply different aspects that pertain to actions of criminal activity under study. The main goal of choice theory is to regulate actions of criminals that would explain why they do what they do. These theories generate factual information based on a persons inherent tendencies, background, social standing, Psychological temperament, and environmental influence. There are multiple factors that promote criminal activity. It is essential to understand the criminal mind if collective efforts are going to make progress in curtailing these activities.…
The rational choice perspective has a six core concepts and four decision making models: criminal behavior is purposive, criminal behavior is rational, criminal decision-making is crime-specific, criminal choices fall into two board groups: ’involvement’ and ‘event’ decisions, there are separate stages of involvement, criminal events unfold in a sequence of stages and decisions(Cornish and Clark). Criminal behavior is purposive when a person decided to commit an offense just to satisfy their needs and wants. Criminal behavior is rational when an individual commit an offense because of the benefits that might get despite how risky is their action just to achieve that goal. Criminal decision making is crime specific, it’s because each individual…
Gottfredson and Hirschi asked the question, “What is Crime?” and thus began to research the theories associated with crime and what drives people to commit criminal acts. Nearly all crimes, they concluded, are mundane, simple, trivial, easy acts aimed at satisfying desires of the moment. (Schmalleger, 2009) For example, a young child steals a candy bar from the local convenience store, simply because he wants the candy bar; this is not a violent or large- scale criminal act, but is still a violation of the law. The general theory of crime asserts that the operation of a single mechanism low self- control, accounts for “all crime, at all times”; including acts ranging from vandalism to homicide, from rape to white- collar crime. A person’s likelihood to engage in criminal activity or not can supposedly be explained through low self-control, the same way high self-control explains an individual 's tendencies of conforming to social norms and laws. (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990) Thus, some people have a lasting tendency to ignore the long term consequences of their behavior. These people tend to be impulsive, reckless, and self- centered. Crime is the end result of their tendencies.(Schmalleger, 2009)…
There are several theories that are used to explain why people commit crimes. These theories cover a range of scientific studies that still continue to be used in crime studies today. By using these theories and information gathered, an explanation of the criminal behaviours will be examined and explained relating to each supporting theories. The traditional explanations for crime are nature vs. nurture debate and the ideas relating to any possible biological reasons that turns someone into a criminal. Are some people really just ‘born bad?’ or are there other, social reasons for criminal behaviour? In this essay I will look at both sides of the argument, and offer an insight into the reasons behind such criminal behaviours. The Classical theory argued that everyone is entitled to free will and rational choice but in some circumstances criminals can be motivated by psychological and social forces even if there’s a consequence as a result (Curran, 2001).…
When you see the words choice, rational and decision you can put together a definition in itself. Criminals choose to make a decision to act in a certain way, which they see, more benefit than harm. When criminals decided to act out and commit a crime they believe that that is the only rational thing to do, there are no other ways to benefit from a given situation. For example, when criminals steal things to turn around and make money by selling the items on the black market; surely the thought of getting caught has to cross their mind at some point. Maybe whether a security camera might catch their faces, they may leave DNA behind that can be traced back to them or even witness that can place them as the thief. Although they may consider these events, they carry out the crime anyways. Thefts see dollar signs instead of jail time. They see that the chance of getting away with the crime and making all of this money is greater than the chance of getting caught and being punished by law…
The issue of whether decision making by criminals is a rational process is a heated topic of discussion when one asserts that crime is the role of choice. Before the classical school of criminology, crime was thought to be the product of the paranormal occurrence of demons, witches, ghouls, and other creatures. The time prior to the classical school of criminology, called the preclassical era, is divided in two parts. Before the time of state intervention into private matters, each individual dealt with violations of their rights. This was a problem because of the continuous cycle of violence being perpetuated. Soon the State (and even the Church) took on the task of dispensing law and order to the masses of the Middle Ages. This led to a period called the Holy Inquisition which lasted from the twelfth century to the eighteenth century. During the Holy Inquisition, punishment that was harsh and capricious was the norm. Also, there was no protection against bogus allegations, meaning, the burden of proof was on the accused to prove his/her innocence.…