Preview

Rare earth

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
9083 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Rare earth
The World Copper Factbook 2013

About ICSG

The current members of ICSG are:
Australia

The International Copper Study Group (ICSG) was formally established as an autonomous inter-governmental organization on 23 January
1992, following a series of Ad Hoc meetings sponsored by the United
Nations (UNCTAD) in 1986 and 1987 to review the world situation of copper and discuss the need for such a body. ICSG serves to increase copper market transparency and promote international discussions and cooperation on issues related to copper.
In order to fulfill its mandate, the Study Group has three main objectives: 





Increase market transparency by promoting an exchange of information on production, consumption, stocks, trade, and prices of copper, by forecasting production and consumption, and by assessing the present and future capacities of copper mines, plants, smelters and refineries.
Promote international cooperation on matters related to copper, such as health and the environment, research, technology transfer, regulations and trade.
Provide a global forum where industry and governments can meet and discuss common problems/objectives. The ICSG is the only inter-government forum solely dedicated to copper.

International Copper Study Group

Japan

Belgium
Chile
China
European
Union
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
India

Luxembourg
Mexico
Peru

Iran

United States

Italy

Zambia

Poland
Portugal
Russian Federation
Serbia
Spain
Sweden

As part of its mandate to provide a global forum where industry and governments can meet and discuss common problems and objectives,
ICSG meetings are held twice per year, typically in the Spring and Fall at ICSG Headquarters in Lisbon, Portugal. The meetings of the Study
Group are open to government members, their industry advisors and invited observers.

ii

The World Copper Factbook 2013
ICSG Officers and Secretariat
INTERNATIONAL COPPER STUDY GROUP
Continue Reading
View Writing Issues

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    Penny Lab Report
    • 2257 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Penny Lab Report

    Objectives: The purpose of this experiment is to use spectrophotometry to determine the percentage of copper in a copper-clad penny, and to determine the thickness of copper layer on the copper-clad penny.…

    • 2257 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Copper Compounds Lab
    • 1016 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Copper Compounds Lab

    The objective of this experiment was to identify the unknown pure copper salt compound of #9. To do this, the mass of copper in the unknown was calculated and then divided by the mass of the whole compound to get the percent copper. The molecular weight was also calculated by dividing mass of copper compound used by moles of compound in unknown sample. The percent copper averaged out to 31.6% while the molecular weight of the sample averaged out to 201.1mw. In conclusion, the unknown compound of pure copper salt was close to Cu(C2H3O2)2 •H2O which has a percent copper of 31.8% and a molecular weight of 199.654mw.…

    • 1016 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Copper State Nut And Bolt: Case Study
    • 289 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Copper State Nut And Bolt: Case Study

    Copper State holds accreditation from the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation. Accredited laboratories are regularly re-assessed to make sure they are maintaining their standards and technical expertise. Copper State gives confidence to customers seeking reliable testing and calibration services.…

    • 289 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Essay On Copper Drinking Water
    • 419 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Essay On Copper Drinking Water

    Kills bacteria Copper has the ability to naturally sterilize and can fight off the development of bacteria, especially S. aureus and E. Cali. Both of these bacteria can lead to serious illness and are known to be quite widespread in the environment. The use of cooper can help to minimize the outbreak of waterborne diseases such as jaundice, dysentery, and diarrhea. Plus, a sanitation system using copper is the most cost-effective option to cleanse water in counties that lack the proper drainage…

    • 419 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    The Element: Chlorine
    • 1193 Words
    • 5 Pages

    The Element: Chlorine

    The Element: Chlorine General Information We researched the chemical element known as chlorine. Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic weight of 35.453. It has a valence number of 3. The element has 3 energy levels. Chlorine exists as a greenish-yellow gas at normal temperatures and pressures.…

    • 1193 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Chemical Reaction of Solution Lab Report
    • 1564 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Chemical Reaction of Solution Lab Report

    To gain familiarity with basic laboratory procedures, some chemistry of a typical transition element, and the concept of percent yield.…

    • 1564 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Nuclear Waste
    • 939 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Nuclear Waste

    Nuclear waste is a radioactive waste that is dangerous, and a fair percentage of people would agree on this topic. However, is it really dangerous or is it just harmful to an extent? In society, many debates are held over trying to prove to the world that this substance is harmful. In the essay, “Nuclear Waste,” Muller states clearly that he sides with the anti-nuke of the debate and how he pinpoints the facts of nuclear waste with great persuasion. Yet, it is uncertain whether Muller clearly has a good argument and/or answers the questions that many people linger to know.…

    • 939 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Xenon
    • 328 Words
    • 1 Page

    Xenon

    We calculated the average customer downtime (W) and the total number of tech reps required by utilising the given formulas and assumptions to work out the relationship between the number of machined allocated to each sales rep with the downtime and tech reps required.…

    • 328 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Thorium
    • 362 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Thorium

    For decades, scientists have dreamed about turning thorium an element that their atomic number is 90 and also is less radioactive and produces less nuclear waste than uranium. Making Thorium an alternative fuel for nuclear energy. Thorium is four times more common that uranium 235 and cannot produce meltdown like the two catastrophes on Chernobyl and Fukushima. The reason that thorium cannot cause a meltdown is because his chain reaction can be stopped naturally.…

    • 362 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    Radioisotopes
    • 9133 Words
    • 37 Pages

    Radioisotopes

    adioisotopes: What Are They and How Are They Made?What are isotopes?The isotopes of an element are all the atoms that have in their nucleus the number of protons (atomic number) corresponding to the chemical behavior of that element. However, the isotopes of a single element vary in the number of neutrons in their nuclei. Since they still have the same number of protons, all these isotopes of an element have identical chemical behavior. But since they have different numbers of neutrons, these isotopes of the same element may have different radioactivity. An isotope that is radioactive is called a radioisotope or radionuclide. Two examples may help clarify this.The most stable isotope of uranium, U-238, has an atomic number of 92 (protons) and an atomic weight of 238 (92 protons plus 146 neutrons). The isotope of uranium of greatest importance in atomic bombs, U-235, though, has three fewer neutrons. Thus, it also has an atomic number of 92 (since the number of protons has not changed) but an atomic weight of 235 (92 protons plus only 143 neutrons). The chemical behavior of U-235 is identical to all other forms of uranium, but its nucleus is less stable, giving it higher radioactivity and greater susceptibility to the chain reactions that power both atomic bombs and nuclear fission reactors. Another example is iodine, an element essential for health; insufficient iodine in one 's diet can lead to a goiter. Iodine also is one of the earliest elements whose radioisotopes were used in what is now called nuclear medicine. The most common, stable form of iodine has an atomic number of 53 (protons) and an atomic weight of 127 (53 protons plus 74 neutrons). Because its nucleus has the "correct" number of neutrons, it is stable and is not radioactive. A less stable form of iodine also has 53 protons (this is what makes it behave chemically as iodine) but four extra neutrons, for a total atomic weight of 131 (53 protons and 78 neutrons). With "too many" neutrons in its…

    • 9133 Words
    • 37 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    RARE EARTH ELEMENTS
    • 877 Words
    • 4 Pages

    RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

    Nowadays, the civilization of the world has been moved forward to IT technology and advanced engineering technology. This means many people is using mobile devices, computers and televisions for social, wind turbines and advanced battery system for green energy, and so forth. The essential needs to make for those devices are the rare earth elements (REE) what are the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium as defined by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Around 1950s, India, Brazil and South Africa were the leaders of the world’s REE production. But the Mountain Pass REEs mine from California took this status from 1960s to 1980s. However, China, today’s leader of the REEs production, has about 95 percentage of the world’s REE supply rate and is willing to overwarm in this market by selling finished goods instead of selling raw materials. It was obvious because of her enactment in 2010 which is restricting export rules for rare earth mantels. In this essay, I am going to analyse market structure, whether China has monopoly power or not in this types of business and how affect to the global market of finished goods such as flat-screen TV monitors.…

    • 877 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Element Neon
    • 389 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Element Neon

    Neon is the Element I’m interesting in. I choose to do neon because I found out the uses that are in our daily life. Neon was discovered by Sir William Ramsay in 1898 (England). Sir William Ramsay was a Scottish chemist who discovered it through the study of liquefied air. The name neon originates from the Greek word neos meaning new. Neon is the forth most abundant element in the universe. Neon is the element that allows you to watch TV, and without neon we would never see the cool flashing signs outside the bars, clubs, and restaurants. I’m going to tell you about neon’s uses, history, and facts. The largest use for Neon is in advertising signs. Neon is also used to make high voltage indicators. I’m going to give you the chemical breakdown of neon. Neon is on the periodic table, its atomic number is 10, protons, electrons are 10, 10 neutrons and its symbol is Ne. Neon is a noble gas. The period of neon is 2, and the group is 18. Neon is very rare on earth even though it’s very common element in the universe. In the earth's atmosphere, neon only comprises 0.0018 percent of the volume. On the earth, neon is always present as a gas. Neon has three stable isotopes, and it’s the second lightest noble gas, after helium. Two different types of neon are commonly used in the world. Neon glow lamps are tiny; they have been used as power on indicators. Neon is not a very common element, but the places it is most abundant is in the earth’s atmosphere, and trapped with in rocks in the earth’s crust. Neon signs operate at much higher voltages. Neon is not known to toxic, and it doesn’t have any stable compounds. Neon is just a light it’s an inert gas. Neon mixed with some other elements can make a bright light in an enclosed tube. When under low pressure, neon emits a bright orange-red glow if a small electric current is passed through it. It’s colorless but glows reddish orange electric discharge. Neon is an element classified as a noble gas which can be located in the…

    • 389 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Earth and Extra Grain
    • 261 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Earth and Extra Grain

    Me and You The world today is all upside down, It’s like a huge, messed up disordered town. Daily, there are thousands dying from hunger, age of death is only getting younger.…

    • 261 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Mineral Resources
    • 18499 Words
    • 74 Pages

    Mineral Resources

    2.1 INTRODUCTION Our environment provides us with a variety of goods and services necessary for our day to day lives. These natural resources include, air, water, soil, minerals, along with the climate and solar energy, which form the non-living or ‘abiotic’ part of nature. The ‘biotic’ or living parts of nature consists of plants and animals, including microbes. Plants and animals can only survive as communities of different organisms, all closely linked to each in their own habitat, and requiring specific abiotic conditions. Thus, forests, grasslands, deserts, mountains, rivers, lakes and the marine environment all form habitats for specialised communities of plants and animals to live in. Interactions between the abiotic aspects of…

    • 18499 Words
    • 74 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Gemstone
    • 7844 Words
    • 32 Pages

    Gemstone

    [pic][pic]AGATE (MEANING): IT IS FOUND IN WHITE, GREY, RED OR WOOD COLOR. IT CONFESSES INTELLIGENCE, WILL POWER, WISDOM AND ELOQUENCE OF SPEECH. IT SAFEGUARDS THE WEARERS FROM DECEPTION OR FOUL PLAY. IT STRENGTHENS THE HEART, PROTECTS THE WEARER AGAINST INFECTIONS, FEVERS AND RISKS OF TRAFFIC OBSTACLES.…

    • 7844 Words
    • 32 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More

Related Topics