The first exclusion involves the apprehension of white rap culture participants, who were cautious to stay within their racial boundaries as outsiders who were not as authentic fans as black people. The second exclusion can be seen in the stereotyped views of others in their local community, who regarded rap music as uncivilized and scornful. Hayes’ interviews of both rap fans and others in the community shows a general underlying systematic racism that lays the foundation on which their opinions of rap music and culture are
The first exclusion involves the apprehension of white rap culture participants, who were cautious to stay within their racial boundaries as outsiders who were not as authentic fans as black people. The second exclusion can be seen in the stereotyped views of others in their local community, who regarded rap music as uncivilized and scornful. Hayes’ interviews of both rap fans and others in the community shows a general underlying systematic racism that lays the foundation on which their opinions of rap music and culture are