Racial Profiling
Profiling based on race has become a prevalent method that cops and authority figures use to arrest or question an individual. Racial profiling is most noticed on the highways and in airports. Racial profiling occurs when law enforcement or security officials, consciously or unconsciously, subject individuals at any location to heightened scrutiny based solely or in part on race, ethnicity, aboriginality, place of origin, ancestry, or religion, or on stereotypes associated with any of these factors, rather than on objectively reasonable grounds for suspecting that the individual is implicated in criminal activity (Satzewich & Shaffir 199).
The efficiency and legality of profiling is highly debated. Profiling occurs in neighborhoods, schools, and in businesses. Young black men driving expensive cars along a commonly used drug route or in a troubled community, an Arab trying to fly into or out of the United States, and Hispanics near the border are all commonly targeted by public officials for an unprovoked arrest or detention (Korsmeyer & Kranzler 317). In Maryland, African Americans made up 17.5 percent of the driving population, but 77 percent of the people police pulled over and searched were African American (Korsmeyer & Kranzler 318). Statistics from New Jersey found that 77 percent of the people who were stopped and searched were African American or Hispanic even though they do not even comprise 30 percent of the population (Korsmeyer & Kranzler 318)
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey
Police officers generally use one of three methods for avoiding the blame of racial profiling. Intolerance of intolerance occurs when police deflect the blame by assuring the accuser of their commitment to diversity, tolerance, and fairness (Satzewich & Shaffir 212). The officer in question often refers to initiatives and organizational structure adaptation to deal with the issue
The efficiency and legality of profiling is highly debated. Profiling occurs in neighborhoods, schools, and in businesses. Young black men driving expensive cars along a commonly used drug route or in a troubled community, an Arab trying to fly into or out of the United States, and Hispanics near the border are all commonly targeted by public officials for an unprovoked arrest or detention (Korsmeyer & Kranzler 317). In Maryland, African Americans made up 17.5 percent of the driving population, but 77 percent of the people police pulled over and searched were African American (Korsmeyer & Kranzler 318). Statistics from New Jersey found that 77 percent of the people who were stopped and searched were African American or Hispanic even though they do not even comprise 30 percent of the population (Korsmeyer & Kranzler 318)
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey
Police officers generally use one of three methods for avoiding the blame of racial profiling. Intolerance of intolerance occurs when police deflect the blame by assuring the accuser of their commitment to diversity, tolerance, and fairness (Satzewich & Shaffir 212). The officer in question often refers to initiatives and organizational structure adaptation to deal with the issue
Cited: Batten, Donna. "Racial Profiling." American Law. 3rd ed. Vol. 8. Detroit: Gale, 2010. 233-38. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. Korsmeyer, Pamala, and Henry R. Kranzler. "Racial Profiling." Racial Profiling 3.3rd Ed. (2009): 317-20. Gale. Web. 5 Nov. 2012. Pampel, Fred C. "Racial Profiling." Academic Search Complete. EBSCO, 2004. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. Ryberg, Jesper. "Racial Profiling and Criminal Justice." Journal of Ethics 15.1/2 (2011): 79-88. Academic Search Complete. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. Satzewich, Vic, and William Shaffir. "Racism versus Professionalism: Claims and Counter- Claims about Racial Profiling1." Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice 51.2 (2009): 199-226. Academic Search Complete. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. Vincent, Claudia G., Tary J. Tobin, Leanne S. Hawken, and Jennifer L. Frank. "Disipline Referrals and Access to Secondary Level Support in Elementary and Middle Schools: Patterns across African- American, Hispanic- American and White Students." Education & Treatment of Children 35.3 (2012): 431-58. EBSCOhost. Web. 5 Nov. 2012.