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propose study for my thesis
ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF FRESHWATER EELS
IN PANGI RIVER, MAITUM, SARANGANI PROVINCE

ARIANE SHANE M. VALDEZ

As Undergraduate Thesis Proposal presented to the
Faculty of the College of Fisheries
Mindanao State University
General Santos City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Bachelors of Science in Fisheries
Introduction
Eel is the common name for any fish of the 10 families constituting the Order Anguilliformes, it is characterized by a long snakelike body covered with minute scales embedded in the skin. Eels lack the hind parts of fins, adapting them for wriggling in the mud and through the crevices of reefs and rocky stones. According to Schrank in year 1798, freshwater eels are catadromous, that spawn in tropical ocean waters, and have a peculiar leptocephalus larval stage that is unique to elopomorph fish. They constitute a single Genus, Anguilla.
The fishing for freshwater eels, along with environmental pollution and other human impacts, have all contributed to a significant decline in eel numbers over the last 25–30 years. Total volume of glass eels collected on an annual basis is around 150 tonnes which satisfies the current aquaculture needs of approximately 100 tonnes/year with the excess going to human consumption in Spain. Many people are involved in the eel collection, transportation and distribution, from glass eel fishers to the eel farmer and processor (Nielsen, T.; Prouzet, P. 2008.)
Freshwater eels can also found on the menu in many countries, the major market for Eel is limited to Japan and a small number of European countries including Italy, Germany and The Netherlands were they are considered a delicacy. The market value of eels depends on the species and varies between different countries. Currently prices range from 3-15 US$/kg which rank the eel among the most precious species of food fish.( Herwaarden 2003). In the Philippines, freshwater eels have different populations



Cited: Aoyoma, J. & K. Tsukamoto, 1997.Evolution of the freshwater eels. Naturwissenschaften, 84: 17-21. ASMFC (Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission) 2000 Beauchamp, W. M. 1916. Moravian journals relating to central New York, 1745–66.The Dehler Press, Syracuse, New York. Bilotta, G.S., Sibley, P., Hateley, J. and Don, A. (2011). The decline of the European eel Anguilla anguilla: quantifying and managing eel escapement to support conservation. Casselman, J. M. 2003. Dynamics of resources of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata: declining abundance in the 1990s. Pages 255–274 in K. Aida, T. Tsukamoto, and K. Yamauchi, editors. Eel biology. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo. Castle PHJ, GR Williamson. 1974. On the validity of the freshwater eel species Anguilla ancestralis from Celebes Cheng PW, WN Tzeng. 1996. Timing of metamorphosis and estuarine arrival across the dispersal range of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica Dekker, W. 2004. Slipping Through Our Hands: Population Dynamics of the European Eel. Doctoral dissertation, University of Amsterdam. Ege V. 1939. A revision of the genus Anguilla Shaw, a systematics, phylogenetic and geographical study. Dana. Rep. 16: 1-256. Han YS. 2003. The studies of the changes on the morphology, physiology and Endocrinology during silvering process of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. PhD dissertation, Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan. Helfman et al. 1987. Reproductive ecology of the American eel. American Fisheries Soc. Symposium 1: 42-56. Journal of Fish Biology (2009) 74, 1827-1832 doi:10.1111/j.1905-8649.2009.02346.x; Available online at www.interscience.wiley.com Junker-Anderson, C Krueger, W.H., and K. Oliviera. 1999. Evidence for environmental sex determination in the American eel, Anguilla rostrata. Environmental Biology of Fishes 55:381 389. Lamson, H. M., J. -C. Shiao, Y. Lizuka, W. -N. Tzeng, and D. H. Cairns. 2006. Movement patterns of American eels (Anguilla rostrata) between salt and fresh water in a coastal watershed, based on otolith microchemistry. Marine Biology 149: 1567-1576. Limburg, K.E., Wickstrom, H., Svedang, H., Elfman, M., and Kristiansson, P. 2003. Do stocked freshwater eels migrate? Evidence from the Baltic suggests "yes." Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 33: 275-284. Strategies of Anadromous and Catadromous Fishes. American Fisheries Society. Massachussets. 1987; vol.1: pp. 286-297 Miller MJ, Tsukamoto K Morrison, W.E., Secor, D.H., and Piccoli, P.M. 2003. Estuarine habitat use by Hudson River American eels as determined by otolith strontium:calcium ratios. Nielsen, T.; Prouzet, P. 2008. Capture-based aquaculture of the wild European eel (Anguilla anguilla). In A. Lovatelli and P.F. Holthus (eds). Capture-based aquaculture. Global overview. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 508. Rome, FAO. pp. 141– 168. Oliviera, K. 1999. Life history characteristics and strategies of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56:795-802. Pfeiler E. Development physiology of elopomorph leptocephali. Comp Biochem. Physiol. 1999; A123: 113-128 Rellon L.P 2013 Smith DG. Introduction to lepctocephali. In: Bohlke EB (ed). Fishes of the Wester North Atlantic Part 9, vol. 2 Sears Foundation for Marine Research, New Haven. 1989; pp. 657-668 Solomon, D Tesch, F. W., 2003. The Eel. Third Edition. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 408p. Tesch, F.-W. 1977. The eel: biology and management of anguillid eels. Chapman & Hall, London. Tsukamoto, K., and Arai, T. 2001. Facultative catadromy of the eel Anguilla japonica between freshwater and seawater habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 220: 265- 276.

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