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Project Report
Dissertation Project Report
Title: “Evaluation of a natural product as radiation countermeasure agent.”

Dissertation Submitted to Lovely Professional University, Punjab In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Technology (Hons.) Biotechnology By Rishabh Malik- 8th Semester

May 2011

CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICITY

This is to certify that the project report entitled “Evaluation of a natural product as radiation countermeasure agent.”, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology (Hons.) in Biotechnology of Lovely Professional University, Punjab is a record of bona fide project work carried out by Mr. Rishabh Malik University Enrolment no. 7440070098, carried out at INMAS, DRDO, Delhi. His dissertation report is satisfactory for submission in partial fulfillment of the requirement for B. Tech (Hons.) Biotechnology of Lovely Professional University, Punjab.

Project Mentor:

Dr. Rajesh Arora Scientist „E‟ Division of Radiation Biology INMAS, DRDO, Delhi.

1

Table of Contents:
S. No. Content Page No.

1

Acknowledgment

3

2

List of Figures

4

3

Introduction

5

4

Biological Effects of Radiation

14

5

Need of Radioprotection

20

6

Review of Literature

27

7

Objectives

29

8

Materials & Methods

30

9

Results & Discussion

34

10

Conclusion

41

11

Bibliography

42

2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this project. I want to thank the Division of Radiation Biology, INMAS, Delhi for giving me permission to commence this project in the first instance, to do the necessary research work and to use departmental data. I have furthermore to thank my Project Mentor Dr. Rajesh Arora, Scientist „E‟, INMAS, DRDO, Delhi. I am also thankful to all my seniors specially Mr. Atlar Singh Dhaker, Mr. Manish Adhikari, Ms. Jyoti



Bibliography: Aebi, Hugo. 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods in enzymology; 105 Academic Press: 121126. Aiyegoro Olayinka A and Anthony I Okoh. 2010. Preliminary phytochemical screening and In vitro antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of Helichrysum longifolium DC. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 10:21. Al-Mamun, M.; Tanaka, C.; Hanai, Y.; Tamura, Y.; Sano, H., 2007. Effects of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) herb and heat exposure on plasma glucose metabolism in sheep. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 20 (6): 894-899. Andreassen C., C. Grau, J. Lindegaar. 2003. Chemical radioprotection: A critical review of amifostine as a cytoprotector in radiotherapy Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 13 (1): 62-72. Arora R, Gupta D, Chawla R, Sagar R, Sharma AK, Prasad J, et al. 2005. Radioprotection by plant products: present status and future prospects. Phytother Res. 19:1–22. Aruoma OI, Halliwell B. 1987. Superoxide dependent and ascorabte-dependent formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron. Are lactoferrin and transferrin promoters of hydroxyl ion generation? Biochem J. 241:273–8. Benjamin P. Soule, Fuminori Hyodo, Ken-ichiro Matsumoto, Nicole L. Simone, John A. Cook, Murali C. Krishna, and James B. Mitchell. 2007. The Chemistry and Biology of Nitroxide Compounds. Free Radic Biol Med. 42 (11): 1632–1650. Bumpy M. 1997. The mechanism of radiation protection by non-protein sulfhydryls: glutathione, cysteine and cysteamine. In: Edward A Bump and Kamal Malaker (eds). Radioprotectors Chemical, Biological, and Clinical Perspectives. Boca Raton: CRC Press: 25–52. 42 Buettner GR. 2011. Superoxide Dismutase in Redox Biology: The Roles of Superoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide. Anticancer Agents Med Chem.In press. Collins AR, Lyon CJ, Xia X, Liu JZ, Tangirala RK, Yin F, Boyadjian R, Bikineyeva A, Praticò D, Harrison DG, Hsueh WA. 2009. Age-accelerated atherosclerosis correlates with failure to upregulate antioxidant genes. Circulation Research.104 (6):e42-54. Chapman JD, Stobbe CC, Gales T, et al. 1999. Condensed chromatin and cell inactivation by single hit kinetics. Radiation Research.151:433–41. C.K.K. Nair, Dillip K. Parida and Taisei Nomura. 2001. Radioprotectors in Radiotherapy; J. Radiat. Res., 42: 21–37 Dowd S.B. and Tilson E. R. 1999. Practical Radiation Protection and Applied Radiobiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. 118 –120. Ewing, D.; Jones, S. R. 1987. Superoxide removal and radiation protection in bacteria. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 254:53–62. Fajardo L. F. 2005. The pathology of ionizing radiation as defined by morphologic patterns*. Acta Oncologica. 44: 13-22. Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J. 1982. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite and nitrate in biological fluids. Anal Biochem; 126:131-138. Gupta D, Arora R, Garg AP, Goel HC. 2003. Radiation protection of HepG2 cells by Podophyllum hexandrum. Mol Cell Biochem. 250:25–40. Jones Dean P. 2008. Radical-free biology of oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 295 (4):C849-68. Maisin R. 1998. Chemical radioprotection: past present and future prospects. International journal of radiation biology. 73: 443-450. Maurya, D. K., Devasagayam, T. P. A. and Nair, C. K. K. 2006. Some novel approaches for radioprotection and the beneficial effect of natural products. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 44: 93–114. 43 Muller HJ. 1927. Artificial transmutation of the gene. Science. 66:84. Nias AHW. 1998. An Introduction to Radiobiology. 2nd ed. Chichester, England:Wiley. 4. Norman E. Bolus. 2001. Basic Review of Radiation Biology and Terminology. J Nucl Med Technol; 29:67–73. Oyaziu, M 1986. Antioxidative activity of browning products of glucosamine fractionated by organic solvent and thin layer chromatography. Nippon ShoKuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi; 35: 771-775. Oyedemi S. O, G. Bradley and A. J. Afolayan. 2010. In -vitro and -vivo antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Strychnos henningsii Gilg. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 4 (2).70-78 Pan Q, Shai O, Lee LJ, Frey BJ, Blencowe BJ.2008. Deep surveying of alternative splicing complexity in the human transcriptome by high-throughput sequencing. Nat Genet. 40 (12):1413-5. Papa S, Shulachev VP. 1997. Reactive oxygen species, mitochondria, apoptosis and aging. Mol. Cell Biochem.174:305–319. Raloff J. Panel ups RDAs for some antioxidants. Science News. April 15,2000:244. Rotruck J. T., Pope A. L., Ganther H. E., Swanson, Hafeman and Hoekstra W. G. 1973. Selenium: Biochemical Role as a Component of Glutathione Peroxidase. Science.179 (4073): 588-590. Saad B, Azaizeh H, Said O. 2005. Tradition and perspectives of Arab herbal medicine: a review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2:475–9. Seeram E. 1997. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott. Radiation Protection. 74–92. Weiss, J. F. and Landauer, M. R. 2003. Protection against ionizing radiation by antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals. Toxicol. 189: 1–20. 44 Webpages: http://astroprofspage.com/archives/1608 (Accessed 01 May, 2011) http://www.learnwell.org/radiation.html (Accessed 01 May, 2011) http://www.e-radiography.net/radsafety/rad_physics.html (Accessed 01 May, 2011) http://srag-nt.jsc.nasa.gov/SpaceRadiation/Why/Why.cfm (Accessed 01 May, 2011) 45

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